German Bellistum
The German Bellistum (French: bailliage d'Allemagne ) was one of the three administrative districts of the Duchy of Lorraine . It included the German-speaking north of the duchy. The other two bellist houses were the bailliage de Nancy , based in Nancy and the bailliage de Vôge , based in Mirecourt . In the area of the German Bellistum there were also numerous exclaves of the three dioceses that did not belong to Lorraine.
The chief official was Bellis (also Deutschbellis, French: bailli ) appointed by the Duke . The seat of the German Bellistum was Wallerfangen from the 14th century until the 17th century .
In 1594 the German Bellistum included Sierck , Siersberg , Schaumberg , Merzig-Saargau , Wallerfangen , Berus , Metzerbolchen , Falkenberg , Homburg and Sankt Avold , Forbach , Püttlingen , Saargemünd , Bitsch , Saaralben , Saareck , Saarburg , Pfalzburg , Mörchingen , Mörsberg , Duss and Marsal .
Lorraine was under French occupation between 1632 and 1661. At the height of the reunion policy , the German Bellistum belonged to the French Saar province until 1697. In the Treaty of Rijswijk in 1697, Duke Leopold received the duchies of Bar and Lorraine. The fortresses Longwy and Saarlouis remained with France. In 1698 Leopold married Élisabeth Charlotte de Bourbon-Orléans , niece of the French King Louis XIV.
After Wallerfangen was taken by France in the 17th century and the city was demolished in 1687/88 in order to build the fortress town of Saarlouis, Duke Leopold moved the seat of the Bellistum to Saargemünd in 1698.
In 1710, the German Bellistum included Sarreguemines, Bouzonville, Insming, Dieuze, Saint-Avold, Bitche, Bouquenom, Sarrewerden, Boulay, Siersberg, Schombourg, Sarralbe, Morhange, Saareck, Lixheim and Fénétrange.
Duke Franz III. renounced the duchies of Bar and Lorraine in 1737 to marry Maria Theresa and a few years later to be able to become Roman-German Emperor . In his place was the exiled Polish King Stanislaus I. Leszczyński , the father-in-law of the French King Louis XV. , Duke of Bar and Lorraine for life. After his death, the duchies would fall to France. Stanislaus introduced Lorraine to France in large-scale administrative reforms. In 1748 he made French the only official language of the German Bellistum. In 1751 he dissolved the German Bellistum.
This resulted in the constituency of Saargemünd (arrondissement électoral de Sarreguemines) with the new bailliages Sarreguemines , Dieuze , Château-Salins , Bitche , Fénétrange , Lixheim , Boulay and Bouzonville . After Stanislaus' death in 1766, Lorraine and Bar fell to France.
With the French Revolution , the area came to the Moselle and Meurthe departments in 1790 . The proposal by MPs from Sarreguemines to form a German-speaking department was rejected by the National Assembly. In the Second Peace of Paris in 1815, the area was divided: Saarlouis and the surrounding area came to Prussia and are now in the Saarland .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Behringer, Gabriele Clemens: History of the Saarland. In: Beck's series: Knowledge. No. 2621, 2009, p. 43.
- ^ The French Saar Province (1685 - 1697) . The Ensheim history at a glance. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
- ^ Henri Lepage, Le département de la Meurthe, Statistique historique et administrative. Première Partie , 1843
- ^ Jean Eich: Des débuts à l'établissement de l'Église constitutionnellex. In: Des débuts à l'établissement de l'Église constitutionnelle. No. 1, 1964.
- ^ Jean-Louis Masson, Histoire administrative de la Lorraine , Éditions Fernand Lanore, Paris, 1982, p. 139.