Dolní Žleb
| Dolní Žleb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Děčín | ||||
| Municipality : | Děčín | ||||
| Area : | 1090.7037 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 51 ' N , 14 ° 13' E | ||||
| Height: | 130 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 151 (March 1, 2001) | ||||
| Postal code : | 405 02 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Děčín - Dolní Žleb | ||||
| Railway connection: | Dresden – Děčín | ||||
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Dolní Žleb (German Niedergrund ) is a village on the left bank of the Labe ( Elbe ) in Bohemian Switzerland . It belongs as a district to the city of Děčín (Děčín XIV - Dolní Žleb).
Location and surroundings
The village has a train station on the Dresden – Děčín railway line and is connected to the other bank of the Elbe by a ferry.
Upstream the locality Spáleniště joins the municipality Dolní Žleb. Downstream the settlement once stretched to the German-Czech border at the Gelobtbachmühle. Today, numerous houses no longer exist. There is a church in the village. The place is cut by the Dolnožlebský potok (Lehmischbach) , in the lower Kamenka , flowing down from the west and flowing into the Elbe .
history
Since 1850 Niedergrund / Dolní Grunt formed a municipality in the Tetschen district. In 1948 the village was named Dolní Žleb. Since 1980 the village has been part of Děčín.
Until recently, the place was probably the only place on the mainland in Central Europe that had no direct road connection. At that time, the ferry connection was the only way to get to Dolní Žleb by car. For some years now, however, the bank path along the Děčín railway line, now known as the Elbe Cycle Route, has been paved in such a way that it can be used for motor vehicle traffic.
In 1991 the place had 120 inhabitants. In 2001 the village consisted of 47 houses in which 151 people lived.
Sandstone mining
The village gained a certain importance through a larger sandstone quarry , which provided material for important building projects over several centuries. This includes, for example, the large expansion of the fountain at Tetschen Castle in 1670. Later it was used to a considerable extent in the construction of the Theresienstadt fortress and in the towns of Děčín ( Tetschen ) and Litoměřice ( Leitmeritz ). Between 1868 and 1888 the stone was used for renovation work on St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague and between 1871 and 1872 for the construction of the Prague National Theater .
Around 1900 this quarry belonged to a Mathias Bechtel from Niedergrund. The sandstone was traded under the name Niedergrunder or Teichsandstein . Documented buildings in Germany that were supplied with ashlar from this quarry are the main train station in Dresden (1893–1898), the residential palace , the Ministry of Finance (1889–1896), the courthouse on Sachsenplatz (1888–1892) and the art academy building (1887 -1894). In Leipzig it is the imperial court building and other buildings. Deliveries of the Niedergrund sandstone went on the Elbe to Hamburg, the specific use of which is not known.
After 1945 the dismantling stopped. In 1944 there was a forced labor camp for women from the Groß-Rosen concentration camp in Georgenthal-Niedergrund .
The sandstone appeared in gray and light yellow variants and is a weather-resistant building stone. The sandstone was not suitable for grinding stones because it did not yield enough.
Geographically, like all building stones from the Elbe Sandstone Mountains, it belongs to the Chalk period . It is a predominantly medium-grain quartz sandstone from the Bělohorské-Jizerské souvrství (Weißenberger-Iser Formation) from the lower to middle Turon .
literature
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Dresden. Modifications made by Barbara Bechter. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03110-3 .
- August Hanisch, Heinrich Schmid: Austria's quarries. Directory of the quarries that deliver cuboids, steps, paving stones, grindstones and millstones or roof slabs. Carl Graeser & Co., Vienna 1901.
- Jiří Rohlík (editor): Českosaské Švýcarsko, Děčínsko, Šluknovsko. Soubor turistických map. 1: 50,000. 2nd expanded edition. Club českých turistů, Prague 1994 ISBN 80-85499-63-0 .
- Václav Rybařík: Ušlechtilé stavební a sochařské Kameny České Republiky. Nadace Střední průmyslové školy Kamenické a sochařské, Hořicích v Podkrkonoší 1994, ISBN 80-900041-5-6 .
- J. Valečka: Geologická mapa ČR, List 02-23 Děčín. 1: 50,000. Český geologický ústav, Prague 1992, ISBN 80-7075-276-9 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/630471/Dolni-Zleb
- ↑ http://www.radio.cz/de/rubrik/geschichte/verschwundene-orte-in-tschechien
- ↑ Václav Rybařík: Ušlechtilé stavební a sochařské kameny České Republiky. 1994, pp. 80-81.
- ^ Rudolf M. Wlaschek: Jews in Böhmen . Munich: Oldenbourg, 1990, p. 152
- ↑ August Hanisch, Heinrich Schmid: Austria's stone quarries. 1901, p. 268.