Sieroca 6

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General view of the Sieroca
South side of the main building

The buildings in Sieroca 6 , since 2016 " Dom Daniela Chodowieckiego i Güntera Grassa " ( German Daniel Chodowiecki and Günter Grass House) are a cultural monument in the Polish city ​​of Gdańsk. The baroque building was opened in 1699 as a donation and orphanage . It was named after the street Am Spendhaus or Sieroca and served as the city's orphanage until 1906 .

location

North side of the main building

The buildings are located in the Śródmieście (inner city) district in the oldest district of Hakelwerk ( Osiek in Polish ) in Gdańsk's old town . A branch of the Radaune Canal used to run along the south side . On the subsequent Plac Obrońców Poczty Polskiej (formerly Hevelius space until 1894 prison space ) is since 1979 the monument to the defenders of the Polish Post and the Polish post office in the interwar period - now the Muzeum Poczty Polskiej w Gdańsku (Museum of the Polish Post Office in Gdansk) .

description

The main building from 1699 is an elongated building with 16 window axes and several extensions. The two-storey plastered building has a hipped roof . The dwarf house has a classical triangular gable on both sides . The chapel in the western part extended over six window axes and two floors. After 1906 it was dismantled, as was a two-flight staircase that led to the upper floor on the north side. The outbuildings date from 1712 and 1749.

The complex of the former donation and orphanage is a valuable architectural monument and an example of the earlier system of poor relief. It is the oldest building in this part of Gdansk.

history

The boards of directors of the God box of five Danziger parish churches founded in 1550. Spend office order alms to distribute to the needy. In 1653, the hospital area was separated from the care for the poor . After the income of the donation office, which was based on voluntary donations from the citizens, decreased considerably in the 18th century, an independent institute for the poor was founded in 1788 . - The children's home founded in 1542 , later an orphanage of the Reformed Elizabeth Church , moved from the city center to the 3rd Pelonker Hof ( III Dwór in Polanki ) in 1868 .

Plans to found a poor and orphanage had existed since 1602. These were only realized at the end of the 17th century, after the donation office commissioned the builder Barthel Ranisch with the construction. The funds for the construction came partly from collections, partly from a lottery held in 1698. The construction site was chosen north of the prison built in 1629 . A plague house had been on it since 1454 , which burned down in 1592 and was rebuilt in 1602. During the Polish-Swedish War it was used as a hospital in 1656 and has since fallen into disrepair.

The donation and orphanage was opened on December 7, 1699. The city ​​poor were looked after and made to work there, and it was also used as an orphanage. Four years later it had 135 residents, 90 of whom were children. Their number rose sharply after the great plague epidemic of 1709 - by 1742 to 307 residents, 254 of them children. A school was built in the vicinity in 1707. The prayer room on the first floor of the house was extended to the ground floor in 1753. King August III. von Poland placed the house under its protection in 1752 and granted it privileges . Another privilege of his successor, Stanislaus II August Poniatowski , in 1765 equated illegitimate children with legitimate children. The number of residents grew to 502 in 1771, including 417 children. The number of poor people who received financial support from the Crown outside of the factory grew from 3,092 in 1733 to 5,238 in 1768.

With the establishment of the Poor Institute since 1788 (426 children), only poor minors have been cared for and accommodated. A teacher taught reading, writing, arithmetic and the catechism . Women taught the girls how to spin , sew and knit . Efforts have been made to place the young people in the trade or as maids . Around 40 “gray girls” who lived outside the facility were also trained. In the main building there was a school, a dining room, hospital room, a donation chamber and the living quarters for administrators and housekeepers in the attic. The building was rebuilt several times and received several outbuildings in the 18th and 19th centuries.

With 30 and 40 children in a room, the death rate was very high, with scabies in particular taking a fatal toll. But it was not until 1797 that child mortality could be radically reduced through renovation, reforms and improved hygiene . The reduction in the number of children made a contribution. In 1835 the facility accommodated 90 boys and 70 girls between the ages of 7 and 15.5 years. They were looked after by a doctor, a surgeon, an administrator, a carpenter, three teachers, a cook, a laundress, two tailors, a shoemaker and a doorman, as well as nine supervisors, each of whom supervised a dormitory. Three representatives of the community were in charge of supervision. The upper limit of 160 children was set in 1842.

On November 17, 1906, the donation and orphanage with 80 children was moved to a new building in Danzig-Langfuhr . Until 1945 it housed around 70 to 80 children of both sexes between the ages of 6 and 14.

A furniture store was set up in the old building. Some rooms were used by the Danzig information and welfare office for tuberculosis from 1912 to the end of 1914 . In 1920, the city established 14 communal apartments in the main building. The former school was taken over by the Volkswacht publishing house in 1919 and used as a printing shop . The Danzig Volksstimme has been printed there since 1920 . The press office of the Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Danzig was also located there. From 1924 to 1936 Julius Gehl was the publisher's managing director. After its forced dissolution, the Senate left the school empty. The garden with its pavilion was taken over by the Association for the Establishment and Promotion of Kindergartens , which set up the Fröbel Nanny School and the Fröbel Kindergarten there. The kindergarten building, built in 1925, continued to operate as such after the Second World War . The school and the garden pavilion from 1763 were destroyed in 1945. The entry in the monument register of the Pomeranian Voivodeship was made on February 24, 1967 under the number 308 (A-433). The area is part of a monument zone. Renovations took place in 1958 and 1978.

The last tenants moved out in 2016 and the building has since served as a branch of Gdańska Galeria Miejska (Gdansk Municipal Gallery) . It is named after Daniel Chodowiecki (1726–1801) and Günter Grass (1927–2015) and is to undergo extensive renovation and redesign from 2020 to 2023. The no longer existing school building and the garden pavilion will be rebuilt. The reopening as an international and interdisciplinary cultural center is planned for October 2023. From 1783 until his death, Chodowiecki had a major influence on the revitalization and reform of the Berlin Academy of the Arts .

Memorial plaques

Memorial plaque for the murdered Hans Wichmann

On the street side there is a memorial plaque for the SPD politician Hans Wichmann, who was murdered in 1937 .

Four historical memorial plaques were installed after the chapel was expanded and expanded.

Web links

Commons : Sieroca 6  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Orphan , Polish : sierot .
  2. ↑ Janusz Dargacz: Historia obiektu . (Polish, accessed January 13, 2020)
  3. ↑ Adam Szarszewski: URZĄD DOBROCZYNNOŚCI . In: Gedanopedia (Polish, accessed January 13, 2020)
  4. ↑ Adam Szarszewski: INSTYTUT UBOGICH . In: Gedanopedia (Polish, accessed January 13, 2020)
  5. ↑ See VII Dwór .
  6. ↑ Location: Drewkeweg 1 (ul.Sosnowa), corner of Steffensweg 26 (ul.Stefana Batorego)
  7. ↑ Danzig residents' register 1937/38: Part II. Page 34. Kafemann, Danzig 1937 (digitized version).
  8. ^ Gdańska Galeria Miejska : Plany inwestycyjne . (Polish, accessed January 13, 2020).
  9. ^ Gdańska Galeria Miejska: Program funkcjonalny . (Polish, accessed January 13, 2020).

Coordinates: 54 ° 21 ′ 20.5 ″  N , 18 ° 39 ′ 23.9 ″  E