Dominican Church (Augsburg)

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Dominican Church of St. Magdalena
View of the nave

The former Dominican Church of St. Magdalena in Augsburg is the last remnant of the secularized Dominican monastery that was destroyed in the Second World War and housed the Roman Museum until 2012 . As an architectural monument , it is entered in the Bavarian list of monuments.

history

Originally the area on Predigerberg belonged to the Knights Templar . A church had existed there since the 13th century. During investigations in 2013/2014, remains of wall paintings from the predecessor building of the Templars were uncovered in the Dominican Church. In 1313, the Augsburg bishop Friedrich I left the church and house of the Knights Templar, which was repealed in 1312, to the Dominicans . A new building of the monastery was built from 1496 to 1523 and from 1513 to 1515 today's monastery church of St. Magdalena was built on the foundations of the previous building. Most of the funds were raised by Augsburg citizens, which is still remembered today by a plaque between the two main portals. The name of the architect is unknown. However, Hans Engelberg or Hans Hieber are accepted.

In the course of the Reformation in 1536, the church was temporarily used by the Protestants and lost almost all of its interior furnishings in an iconoclasm . In 1548 the Dominicans returned to Augsburg. In 1633 the religious had to leave the city again and when they returned in 1635 they found their church in a deplorable condition. In 1652 Severin Fugger donated an anniversary to the church. In 1700 the so-called catechetical sermons were introduced under the prior Hyazinth Ferler , which have taken place every Tuesday in the church since then. The interior was redesigned in the Baroque style from 1716 to 1724.

In 1802 the state commission announced the dissolution. The convent at that time numbered twenty fathers, six fratres and one novice. They kept their apartment in the monastery until further notice and organized the services in the church. On September 1, 1805, the church was profaned and its altars looted. The art-historically valuable furnishings were subsequently completely stolen. In 1808 the last monks had to leave the monastery. The royal Bavarian army had used the monastery church as a temporary barracks and as a saltpeter and sulfur depot since 1807. In 1837 the complex became the property of the city. The condition of the church deteriorated noticeably over the years. At times the conversion into a market hall and its demolition were discussed.

A generous donation from the Augsburg textile manufacturer Hugo Ritter von Forster enabled a comprehensive renovation from 1913 to 1916. Then the municipal picture gallery moved into the church. The church building survived the air raids on Augsburg in 1944 largely unscathed, but the former monastery wing was destroyed. Today there is a vocational school on the site. The Roman Museum has been housed in the Dominican Church since 1966 .

Static problems with the floor led to the museum being closed to visitors in December 2012 for safety reasons. Since 2015 the exhibits have been temporarily shown in the Tuscan portico of the armory . As a result of an urgently needed complete renovation, the 1000 m² floor was removed, revealing crypts on several levels. In addition to a new floor slab, a restoration of the church interior is required.

It remains unclear whether the church will only be used for special exhibitions in the future and whether a new museum building will be built on the neighboring area of ​​the vocational school. In 2018 the city was planning an architectural competition for a new museum or an extension for 2019 at the earliest. There are also discussions about relocating the vocational school and demolishing the ailing gym.

description

Layout

The two-aisled late Gothic hall church is divided in the middle by a slender row of columns with Corinthian capitals. On three sides there are eighteen side chapels with grids from Augsburg patrician families who had grave rights in the church. The chapels on the east side are not to be understood as choir chapels, but the two high altars each stood at the end of the nave aisles.

Portico
Vault

Originally there were altars on the seven columns between the naves. The ceiling painting based on designs by Johann Georg Bergmüller , executed by Alois Mack, shows the twelve secrets of the rosary. The stucco work comes from the brothers Franz Xaver and Johann Michael Feichtmayer .

In one of the side chapels is the tombstone of the town clerk and humanist Konrad Peutinger and his wife Margarethe. Also among the buried are Johann Jakob Fugger , members of the Hoechstetter , Imhof , Lauginger, Manlich, Rembold, Stetten and Rehlinger families .

The southeastern so-called Rosary Chapel shows the remains of frescoes from the early Renaissance as well as the mural Christ and the repentant sinners by Joachim von Sandrart . Marbled and painted sandstone memorial plaques from 1519/20 are attached to the north and south high walls for Emperor Maximilian I , King Philip of Spain , Archduke Ferdinand and Emperor Charles V.

The rich, high-quality furnishings, which were scattered after the secularization, included:

Originally there were the following altars in the church:

Longhouse

  1. the altar of St. Magdalena - with the above-mentioned altar sheet by Jacopo Tintoretto
  2. the altar of the resurrection of Christ , donated by the Fugger family - the above-mentioned bronze altar by Hubert Gerhard
  3. the altar placed St. Last Supper , the crucifixion and the resurrection of Christ - with alabaster reliefs
  4. the altar of St. Liborius , later St. Francis de Sales
  5. the altar of St. Sebastian
  6. the altar of St. Maria major
  7. the altar of St. Antony

Choir

  1. the left main altar, also known as the convent altar, represented the Last Judgment and later the Ascension of Christ - with the above-mentioned altar sheet by Anton Joseph von Prenner
  2. the right main altar, the actual high altar of the Assumption of Mary , donated by the Fugger family - with the above-mentioned altar sheet by Giovanni Lanfranco

Chapels on the north side

  1. the Chapel of the Annunciation
  2. the chapel of St. Dominikus - with the above mentioned altar sheet by Johann Evangelist Holzer
  3. the chapel of St. Joachim - with the above-mentioned altar sheet by Johann Evangelist Holzer
  4. the chapel of St. Thomas Aquinas

Chapels on the south side

  1. the chapel of St. Vincent Ferrer
  2. the Chapel of the Fourteen Holy Helpers
  3. the chapel of Jesus and several holy penitents (David, Peter, etc.)
  4. the chapel of the poor souls
  5. the Chapel of the Crucifixion of Christ (Rehlinger Chapel) - from here the above-mentioned Rehlinger Altar
  6. the Chapel of the Three Kings - from here the above-mentioned altar panel by Leonhard Beck

  • Middle panel of the Rehlinger altar with the crucifixion of Christ

  • Adoration of the Magi by Leonhard Beck

  • Christ with Mary and Martha by Jacopo Tintoretto

  • Ascension of Christ by Anton Joseph von Prenner

  • St. Dominic as intercessor with Maria by Johann Evangelist Holzer

  • Annunciation to St. Joachim by Johann Evangelist Holzer

literature

  • H. Wiedenmann: The Dominican Church in Augsburg. In: Journal of the Historical Association for Swabia. 1917, pp. 1-56
  • Polykarp Maria Siemer: History of the Dominican monastery Sankt Magdalena in Augsburg. 1936
  • Wilhelm Liebhart: Foundations, monasteries and convents in Augsburg. In: History of the city of Augsburg from Roman times to the present. 1985, p. 198

Web links

Commons : Dominikanerkirche (Augsburg)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ List of monuments for Augsburg (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, monument number D-7-61-000-215
  2. ^ City of Augsburg. Retrieved August 19, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Stefan Krog: Under the ceiling of the Dominican Church . In: Augsburger Allgemeine . ( augsburger-allgemeine.de [accessed on August 19, 2018]).
  4. ↑ Stefan Krog: The renovation of the Dominican Church will take years . In: Augsburger Allgemeine . ( augsburger-allgemeine.de [accessed on August 19, 2018]).
  5. ↑ The figure is said to have once hung from the ceiling surrounded by angels. Photos and other information can be found on the Louvre website (accessed July 7, 2019) and on Wikimedia Commons .
  6. ↑ Collection | Rehlinger altar, middle panel: Crucifixion of Christ. Retrieved June 10, 2019 . Information on the wings is also available on the same website.
  7. ↑ Collection | Adoration of the Magi. Retrieved June 10, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Collection | Christ with Mary and Martha. Retrieved June 10, 2019 .
  9. ↑ The altar comprised two reliefs and eight sculptures made of metal (actually more brass than "bronze") in a marble altar structure: Resurrection of Christ (relief), Ascension of Christ (smaller relief, lost since the 18th century), four prophets, two small standing angels with instruments of Christ's passion and two large kneeling angels as carrying figures. Extensive information and literature references on this altar can be found on the website of the museum: Resurrection , angel with cross and crown of thorns , angel with bundle of rods and scourge column , seated prophet with scroll , seated prophet Moses with horns and the tables of the Ten Commandments , standing prophet with covered Main and tablet in the left hand , standing prophet, bareheaded, tablet in the right hand , left kneeling angel , right kneeling angel (accessed July 7, 2019). - The foundation was made from the estate of Christoph Fugger († 1579), as was the establishment of the Augsburg Jesuit College St. Salvator . The museum dates the execution to around 1581–1584.
  10. ↑ Collection | Assumption of Mary. Retrieved July 7, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Collection | Ascension of Christ. Retrieved June 10, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Collection | St. Dominic as intercessor with Mary. Retrieved June 10, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Collection | Annunciation to St. Joachim. Retrieved June 10, 2019 .
  14. ↑ L. Hörmann: On the history of the Dominicans in Augsburg . In: Sion. A voice in the church for our time . tape 41 , no. 45 . Publishing house of the K. Kollmann'schen Buchhandlung, Augsburg 1872, Sp. 531-536, here col. 533 ( google.de [accessed on July 7, 2019] - continued with details of the author in no. 47, col. 558-560).
  15. ↑ The picture shows Jesus' contemplation with Martha and Mary of Bethany . In the past, this Mary was temporarily equated with the church patroness Mary of Magdala (Magdalena). Paul von Stetten wrote accordingly in 1788: “In front of both [main altars] is at a small altar, St. Mary Magdalene, who washes the Savior's feet, from Tintoretto.” - Paul von Stetten: Description of the imperial city of Augsburg, according to its location , current constitution, action and the arts and trades belonging to such also their other peculiarities. Along with the attached floor plan . Conrad Heinrich Stage, Augsburg 1788, p. 169 ( digitized version ).
  16. ↑ In 1788 the picture was still there (behind the altar) and was considered a work by Johann Matthias Kager : “Behind the main altar on the left: the last judgment by Matth. Lean. Otherwise it was in the place of the Brenner, but has been taken away because of some improper ideas, and put away from the face, although it might be preferable to the Brenner. ”- Paul von Stetten: Description of the imperial city of Augsburg, according to its location , current constitution, action and the arts and trades belonging to such also their other peculiarities. Along with the attached floor plan . Conrad Heinrich Stage, Augsburg 1788, p. 169 ( digitized version ).
  17. ↑ As early as 1788 Paul von Stetten wrote that the picture was “not worthy of its neighbor”, so Lanfranco's Assumption of the Virgin was much better. - Paul von Stetten: Description of the imperial city of Augsburg, according to its location, current constitution, action and the related arts and trades, also its other peculiarities. Along with the attached floor plan . Conrad Heinrich Stage, Augsburg 1788, p. 169 ( digitized version ).
  18. ^ Gisela Goldberg, Christian Altgraf Salm, Gisela Scheffler (revision of the 1st edition), Gisela Goldberg (revision of the 2nd edition): Old German paintings. Catalog . Ed .: Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen (=  Staatsgalerie Augsburg, Städtische Kunstsammlungen . Volume 1 ). 2nd Edition. Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Munich 1978, p. 15 .
  19. ↑ This would then have to be the “von Stettensche Kapelle”. But the information given by L. Hörmann 1872 (south side chapel) and Paul von Stetten 1788 (“right” = north side chapel) do not match. Gisela Goldberg also quotes other sources. Paul von Stetten: Description of the imperial city of Augsburg, according to its location, current constitution, action and the arts and trades belonging to such, also its other peculiarities. Along with the attached floor plan . Conrad Heinrich Stage, Augsburg 1788, p. 169 ( digitized version ). - L. Hörmann: On the history of the Dominicans in Augsburg . In: Sion. A voice in the church for our time . tape 41 , no. 45 . Publishing house of the K. Kollmann'schen Buchhandlung, Augsburg 1872, Sp. 531-536, here col. 533 ( google.de [accessed on July 7, 2019] - continued with details of the author in no. 47, col. 558-560). - Gisela Goldberg, Christian Altgraf Salm, Gisela Scheffler (revision of the 1st edition), Gisela Goldberg (revision of the 2nd edition): Old German paintings. Catalog . Ed .: Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen (=  Staatsgalerie Augsburg, Städtische Kunstsammlungen . Volume 1 ). 2nd Edition. Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Munich 1978, p. 26 .

Coordinates: 48 ° 21 '54 .9 "  N , 10 ° 54' 2.3"  E