Dominican monastery (Freiburg im Breisgau)

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Detail from the Sickinger plan from 1589
View of the monastery based on a devotional image from the first half of the 18th century
The plan of the monastery with the agricultural areas drawn by Thaddäus Rinderle around 1800
With this document, Count Konrad von Freiburg exempts the monastery from paying the court interest. The Freiburg Bächle are mentioned for the first time in the document.
"The sculpture from 1963 and a memorial plaque are intended to commemorate the Dominican or preacher's monastery that has stood here since the middle of the 13th century"

The Dominican monastery (also called Predigerkloster) in Freiburg existed from approx. 1235 to 1794. The structural remains of the monastery buildings were destroyed in 1944.

history

The monastery in the urban area of ​​Unterlinden was, as was usual for mendicant monasteries , directly on the city ​​wall and near an arterial road . The area was built on and used before the order of preachers settled in 1230. Evidence is only possible through an undated document, but the development by the provincial prior Cu ° n [radus] von Höxter (1221–1233) and his term of office can be dated to around 1230.

The order of preachers, founded in 1215, was a mendicant order, i.e. H. the monks had committed themselves to poverty, financed themselves through begging and saw their main task in pastoral care . From the 15th century the order was named after its founder Dominikus as the Dominican Order .

Bishop Heinrich von Konstanz granted permission to build a monastery in 1235, but construction could not begin until December 1236, as the permits from the city of Freiburg and the pastor were also available. From 1236 to 1238 Albertus Magnus held the office of reading master in the monastery.

The monastery is mentioned for the first time in a document dated August 30, 1238, in which Count Konrad von Freiburg exempted the monks from paying court interest. In the document, the monastery complex is referred to as inter duas ripas d. H. located between two streams. This is the first documentary mention of the Freiburg Bächle .

The foundation stone was laid in 1237 and in 1239 the choir of the monastery church was already standing . The completion of the church and the enclosure building then happened in the years 1251 to 1253. Existing buildings were demolished or partially taken over into the monastery. Soon after, the monks replaced the church's original choir with a Gothic high choir, which was consecrated in 1282. Further monastery complexes were then built, which should have been completed towards the end of the 16th century.

As can be seen in Gregorius Sickinger's city ​​view from 1589, the monastery extended in the area between Unterlinden, Merianstraße, Kleinem Friedrichring and Fahnenbergplatz, which is bordered by two streams in the south and east . The most active period of the monastery was in the 13th and 14th centuries. An attempt to renovate the monastery in the 18th century was unsuccessful, and so in 1790 the last five monks asked the Upper Austrian government to dissolve the monastery itself. After the government had given its approval, it donated the site with the monastery to the Freiburg University . This made an inventory, based on which the so-called 'Large Rinderle Plan' drawn by Thaddäus Rinderle was created. 1795, 1765 was Matthiasfaller in Rococo created pulpit with sounding board to the community Herten sold them in the church of St. Urban placed. In 1804 parts of the monastery were sold for demolition, the high choir was demolished and today's Predigerstraße was laid out there. According to his contract, Johann Georg Riescher had to use "the large 10½ shoe long, 5½ shoe wide and 1 shoe thick altar stone from the broken Dominican church" for the pedestal of the Bertoldsbrunnen at the intersection of Salzstrasse and Bertoldstrasse with Kaiser-Joseph-Strasse . The nave was converted into a retirement home, the Vincentiushaus. With the demolition of the Vincentius House, which had been destroyed in the bombing of 1944, in 1952 the last parts of the monastery above ground were also lost. In addition to the Vincentiushaus, the Badische Kommunalen Landesbank (BaKoLa) and, most recently, the administration building of the Sparkasse Freiburg were on the monastery grounds . Structural remains came to light in 2010 during excavations in the course of new buildings and were archaeologically examined.

Plaque

On December 15, 2010, Albertus Magnus ' restored sculpture was attached to the new building of the Sparkasse together with the memorial plaque. The figure on the Bakola building created by the sculptor Gisela Bär in 1963, together with a memorial plaque, commemorated the most famous resident of the preacher's monastery. The board also informs that during the Reichstag in Freiburg in 1492 the Roman-German King Maximilian I , incorrectly referred to in the inscription as "Kaiser", as well as other ecclesiastical and secular princes found hospitality in the Dominican monastery. The inscription on the plaque reads:

The preacher's monastery stood here from the middle of the 13th century until its abolition in 1794. A flourishing site of medieval research and religion.
Albertus Magnus, one of the leading spirits of the West, also taught spiritual and secular princes within its walls.
In 1492, Emperor Maximilian was welcomed.
In the night of horror on November 27, 1944, the remains of the monastery in Truemmer sank.

literature

  • Andrea Bräuning, Martin Strotz: Looked over the site fence. Excavators are researching the remains of the former Vincentius hospital and Dominican monastery in the Unterlinden district in Freiburg. In: Preservation of Monuments in Baden-Württemberg , Volume 37, 2008, Issue 2, pp. 77–81 ( PDF )
  • Hermann Flamm : The location of the oldest settlement of the preachers in Freiburg . In: Journal of the Society for the Promotion of History, Antiquity and Folklore of Freiburg im Breisgau and the adjacent landscapes 26, 1910, pp. 345-350.
  • Adolf Poinsignon : The Dominican or preacher monastery in Freiburg im Breisgau . In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 16, 1883, pp. 1–48 .
  • Mark Rauschkolb, Martin Strotz: "inter duas ripas". Archeology around the former preacher's monastery in Freiburg . In: Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg (2006) ISSN  0724-8954 / ISBN 978-3-8062-2093-3 , pp. 223-226.
  • Matthias Untermann: Archaeological observations on the Freiburg old town streets and the origin of the "Bächle" . In: Schau-ins-Land 114, 1995, pp. 9–26.
  • "Incense and powder steam" 850 years of Freiburg city history in the Unterlinden district. Accompanying volume of the exhibition 25.10. – 30.12.2011, Meckel-Halle Freiburg i. Br. (= Archaeological information from Baden-Württemberg 64). ISBN 978-3-942227-06-3

Web links

Commons : Dominican Monastery  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Freiburg: Albertus Magnus is back , Badische Zeitung of December 16, 2010, accessed on March 27, 2011
  2. ^ Helm: Churches and chapels in the Markgräflerland , p. 269.
  3. ↑ Friedrich Kempf: Public fountains and monuments. in: Freiburg im Breisgau. The city and its buildings . HM Poppen & Sohn, Freiburg 1898, p. 487 .

Coordinates: 47 ° 59 ′ 52.3 "  N , 7 ° 50 ′ 55.2"  E