Trinity Church (Munich)

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Front on Pacellistraße
Interior with a view of the organ

The Catholic Dreifaltigkeitskirche is a votive church of the Munich estates and was built in the Bavarian Baroque style according to plans by Giovanni Antonio Viscardi from 1711 to 1718. The Trinity Church is a monastery church of the Carmelites and a church side of the Metropolitan parish to Our Lady in the Pacellistraße in Munich - Old Town . The patronage is celebrated on the feast of the Holy Trinity (the Sunday after Pentecost).

founding

With the construction, the city redeemed a vow made by the Bavarian estates and the citizens of Munich in 1704: It was given on the basis of a prophecy by Maria Anna Lindmayr and it was hoped that the building would come from the Austrians during the War of Spanish Succession to be spared. However, the donor committee was not the client. The driving force, negotiating partner of Viscardi and, up to 1714, also a financier, is ironically the occupying power, the imperial administration ruling Bavaria at the time . The foundation stone was laid in 1711.

The monastery of the Discalced Carmelites, consecrated to the Holy Trinity, was founded in 1711 by Empress Eleonore , a Wittelsbach woman from the Palatinate-Neuburg line ; it was dissolved in 1802 in the course of secularization in Bavaria .

architecture

The church is Munich's first church building in the late Baroque style. The central building with dome and lavishly designed entrance front was continued after Viscardi's death from 1713 by parlier Johann Georg Ettenhofer .

The Trinity Church is an octagon with short cross arms. The two-story south facade protrudes from the house front. The polygonal main entrance is structured by recessed Ionic columns and strong baroque cornices. Viscardi assigns the foremost pillars of these polygonal protruding sides to the sides, contrary to the classic canon of the high baroque, and ends them with a protruding pilaster. The narrow center of the facade recedes. With this facade Viscardi introduced the late baroque in Munich. The figure of St Michael in the niche on the upper floor was designed by Josef Fichtl (1726).

During the Second World War , this was the only church in downtown Munich that was spared from being destroyed by bombs. The tower, which lost its helmet in World War II, is located further north in the monastery area. The former Carmelite convent, a three-storey baroque complex with a lower upper floor, a profiled eaves cornice and simple plastered facades, built by Philipp Jakob Köglsperger according to plans by Frater Domenicus a S. Euphrosina (Georg Schorn), is now home to the Archbishop's Ordinariate .

The interior

The main room and the entablature are decorated with delicate tendril stucco, the pendentives and the dome on the other hand with strong white stucco or in yellow or red. In 1716 the marbled high altar was erected with gilded sculptures by the sculptor Joseph Fichtl. As an altarpiece, it shows the intercession of Mary before the Trinity, painted by Andreas Wolff from 1711 and completed by his student Johann Degler in 1717.

Further important works by Cosmas Damian Asam , Joseph Ruffini , Andreas Faistenberger , Johann Baptist Straub and Johann Georg Baader can be seen in the church. In 1714/15 Cosmas Damian Asam designed the dome fresco depicting the veneration of the Trinity by angels, virtues, apostles and saints. Joseph Ruffini painted the altarpiece “St. Josef ”for the Joseph altar, the figures of St. Joseph are from Andreas Faistenberger. Peter and St. Johannes d. T. at the Josef altar, Johann Baptist Straub created the tabernacle with the Emmaus scene in relief and Johann Georg Baader took care of the stucco work.

  • View to the altar

  • Fresco by
    Cosmas Damian Asam

  • Detail from the fresco

organ

Winterhalter organ

The organ was built in 1985 by Claudius Winterhalter . It has 15 registers (3 transmissions in the pedal) on two manuals and a pedal with mechanical slide chests.

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
Wooden dacked 8th'
octave 4 ′
Reed flute 4 ′
Sesquialter II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Field whistle 2 ′
Cimbe III 1'
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
Principal 8th'
Wooden flute 8th'
Salicional 8th'
Hollow flute 4 ′
Principal 2 ′
Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Cromorne 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
Sub-bass 16 ′
Octave bass 8 ′ (Tr. Principal 8 'HW)
Pipe bass 8th'
Chorale bass 4 ′ (Tr. Hollow flute 4 'HW)
octave 2 ′ (Tr. Principal 2 'HW)
bassoon 16 ′

literature

  • Katharina Schmidle: The pilgrimage church Maria Hilf near Freystadt and the Trinity Church in Munich: two main works by the architect Giovanni Antonio Viscardi (1645 / 47–1713) . Herbert Utz Verlag 2014, ISBN 978-3831642380
  • Hermann Bauer / Bernhard Rupprecht (eds.): Corpus of baroque ceiling painting in Germany. Vol. 3.1. Munich sacred buildings , Munich 1987.
  • Katharina Herrmann: De Deo uno et trino. Image programs of baroque Trinity churches in Bavaria and Austria , Regensburg 2010.
  • Hans Ramisch, Roland Götz: Dreifaltigkeitskirche. Munich . Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7954-4087-9 (series: Small art guides / churches and monasteries).

Web links

Commons : Dreifaltigkeitskirche  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sueddeutscher-Barock, Giovanni Antonio Viscardi. Retrieved January 2, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Sueddeutscher-Barock, Dreifaltigkeitskirche. Retrieved March 2, 2018 .
  3. ^ Claudius Winterhalter organ in the Trinity Church in Munich . www.organindex.de. Accessed May 14, 2018.

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 26.9 ″  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 14.9 ″  E