Danube bank
The Danube Bank ( serbokroat. Dunavska banovina , Kyrill . Дунавска бановина) was one of the nine banks of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia , which were formed on October 3, 1929. The capital, de facto provincial capital, was Novi Sad . The Banschaft included today's Vojvodina , the central part of the Šumadija , and the Baranja in today's Croatia . The bank got its name after the Danube .
The area of the Danube bank was about 31,479 km². The most important cities were Novi Sad, Kragujevac , Subotica , Zrenjanin (then Petrovgrad after Peter I ), Požarevac , Smederevo , Sombor , Kikinda and the like. a. In the middle of the Banschaft was the Yugoslav capital Belgrade , which was structured as an independent prefecture and did not belong to the Banschaft.
population
According to the 1931 census, the Danube bank had a population of 2,387,295 people. Yugoslavs of Orthodox Faith made up 54.9% of the population, Yugoslavs of Roman Catholic Faith 35.3% and Yugoslavs of Protestant Faith 7.9%.
According to their mother tongue (in the Kgr.Yugoslavia, censuses were not carried out according to nationality, but according to language; Serbs , Croats and Bosniaks were summarized in Serbo-Croatian language ) Yugoslavs with Serbo-Croatian mother tongue, i.e. Serbs and Croats, 56.9%, made Hungary 18.2% and Germans 16.3% of the population. The rest were split between Slovaks , Romanians , Ruthenians , Roma and others.
economy
The Danube bank was the most important bank in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. With Vojvodina, it not only comprised the "breadbasket" of Yugoslavia, but also the central areas of northern central Serbia with important ore and weapon smiths. For example, four of the five aircraft industries in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, such as Ikarus or Rogožarski , or the only automobile industry, later Zastava , were located in the Danube bank.
history
The Danube bank was created in 1929 with the reorganization of the Yugoslav state from the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia under Alexander I. The original idea was to form the Danube bank in the area of today's Vojvodina and Baranja. However, since the Serbs formed the largest ethnic group in this area with almost 40% (according to the 1923 census, approx. 32%, according to that of 1931 approx. 38%), but did not have the absolute majority of the population, the Danube bank became the Šumadija extended, which resulted in a Serbian population of about 50%.
The population diversity in the Banschaft promoted a lively cultural exchange on the one hand; On the other hand, it was also the target of various nationalist forces, such as the revision demands of the Hungarians, claims of nationalist Croats on Syrmia and the Bačka (with Syrmia the membership of the Kgr.Croatia-Slavonia was argued until 1918, with the Backa again with the Roman Catholic faith ), nationalistic Romanians on the Banat (as part of Greater Romania), as well as nationalistic Serbs (who tried to defend the hegemonic position of the Serbs). With the rise of the Hitler regime, the Nazi influence also grew among the Banat Germans.
With the establishment of the Croatian bank in 1939, smaller areas with Šid and Ilok in the west fell under the new bank. After the attack of the Hitler regime on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the capitulation of Yugoslavia in 1941, the Danube bank was dissolved. Syrmia was added to the Ustasha state and the Backa with Novi Sad to the Hungary of Horthy's. The southern, d. H. Central Serbian part came to the Protectorate of Serbia . The Banat came nominally to Serbia, but remained under the direct administration of the Hitler regime. After the war, the People's Republic of Serbia with the autonomous province of Vojvodina was founded in communist Yugoslavia and formed as a federal republic; the Danube bank was not renewed.
