Dusky sound
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Dusky Sound Māori: Tamatea |
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| Geographical location | ||
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| Coordinates | 45 ° 46 ′ S , 166 ° 35 ′ E | |
| Region ISO | NZ-STL | |
| Country : | New Zealand | |
| region | Southland | |
| Sea access | Tasman Sea | |
| Data about the sound | ||
| entrance | 7th 350 m wide | |
| length | around 44 km | |
| width | Max. 13 km | |
| Coastline | around 165 km | |
| Tributaries | Mike River , Seaforth River , Shag River and numerous larger and smaller creeks and streams (brooks) | |
| Islands | Anchor Island , Indian Island , Parrot Island , Pigeon Island , Long Island , Cooper Island and numerous smaller islands | |
| Photography of the sound | ||
 Dusky Sound , view of the sound from the deck of the cruise ship Rhapsody of the Seas |
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The Dusky Sound ( Māori Tamatea ) is a fjord on the South Island of New Zealand . It is the largest and longest fjord in the country.
geography
The 44 km long Dusky Sound is located about 70 km southwest of Te Anau on the southwest part of the west coast of the South Island. The sound , which opens between the Five Fingers Peninsula in the north and South Point on the mainland in the south over a width of around 7.35 km to the Tasman Sea , widens in its western part to around 13 km, divides in its middle part at the islands of Long Island and Cooper Island in the northern Bowen Channel and the southern Cook Channel and narrows there to around 3.4 km. The eastern part of the sound only comes to a maximum width of 1.65 km and then divides again into the northern Supper Cove and the southern Shark Cove . The entire coastline of Dusky Sound measures around 165 km.
In the middle part of the sound , the Acheron Passage branches off to the north and connects the Dusky Sound with the Breaksea Sound located around 16 km to the north . Between the Breaksea Sound and the Dusky Sound is the 208.9 km² Resolution Island , which with its Five Fingers Peninsula protects the entrance to the Dusky Sound to the northwest.
In Dusky Sound there are numerous large and small islands, of which listed from west to east the islands Anchor Iceland , Indian Iceland , Long Iceland and Cooper Iceland which are by far the largest. The mountains surrounding the sound rise to over 1400 m .
geology
The Dusky Sound is a fjord in the classic sense , which, like all fjords in the southwest of the South Island, was created on the one hand by glacier movements of the last glacial period and on the other hand was formed by the flooding of the valley by rising sea levels. The name sound came from the first European settlers and seafarers who called numerous valleys in the Fiordland region as sounds , a name that is actually only used for the river valleys flooded from the lake side, such as the sounds in the Marlborough Sounds in the north the south island. The seafarers, mostly of English or Welsh origin, did not know any fjords from their homeland and so they used the names they knew for the inlets, which were later no longer corrected.
history
Long before the arrival of the first Europeans, the area around Dusky Sound was used by Māori . It was members of the Waitaha , Ngati Mamoe and Ngāi Tahu tribes who came to the fjord to hunt and fish. Leftovers such as earth ovens, granaries, huts, canoes and tools bear witness to them.
The first Europeans to see the sound were the crew of the Endeavor , with which the navigator and explorer Captain James Cook sighted the waters on March 13, 1770 and, when it was getting dark, gave it the name Dusky Sound . On his second South Seas voyage with the Resolution and the Adventure , Cook reached the Sound on March 26, 1773 and stayed with his crew for five weeks, during which the astronomer William Wales could test a new chronometer on site and the Resolution could be repaired. During the stay, the team also had contact with the local Māori . After word of the Sound had reached England , the first seal hunters arrived in 1792 and used Anchor Island for their base.
The first tourists began arriving in the late 1800s and Resolution Island was designated New Zealand's first sanctuary in 1891 . In the early 1950s, the New Zealand government created Fiordland National Park , part of which Dusky Sound is today.
Marine reserve
The northwestern part of Dusky Sound , which includes the 40 hectares and 73 hectares of Parrot Island and Pigeon Island , was designated as a marine reserve in 2005 under the name Taumoana ( Five Fingers Peninsula ) Marine Reserve . It covers an area of 1466 hectares.
Dusky Track
The Dusky Track is an 84 km long challenging hiking trail that the West Arm of Lake Manapouri , the power station Manapouri begins, initially km for around 4 on the Wilmot Pass Road runs west, then along the Spey River to the southwest over the Center pass down leads to the Seaforth River and finally follows the river to Supper Cove Hut at Supper Cove of Dusky Sound and ends there. Another branch of the track starts or ends at Lake Hauroko around 53 km northwest of Tuatapere and connects to the first-mentioned path on the east side of Loch Maree .
earthquake
On July 15, 2009, Dusky Sound was the center of a major earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8. M W , which triggered numerous landslides on the surrounding slopes of the mountains and resulted in a one meter high tsunami on the coast and in the sound .
See also
literature
- Susan Bailey : Dusky Sound . In: Alexander Hare McLintock (Ed.): An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . Wellington 1966 ( online [accessed March 6, 2018]).
- Department of Conservation (Ed.): Tamatea / Dusky Sound Conservation and Restoration Plan . Te Anau 2016 (English, Online [PDF; 4.8 MB ; accessed on March 6, 2018]).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Topo250 maps . Land Information New Zealand , accessed March 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Coordinates and longitudes were partly made using Google Earth version 7.1.8.3036 on March 6, 2018.
- ^ A b Milford Sound & Doubtful Sound . (PDF 1.1 MB) Destination Fiordland , November 2016, accessed on April 8, 2019 .
- ^ Section C The Marlborough Costal Environment . (PDF 3.98 MB) Marlborough District Council , June 2014, p. 34 , accessed on August 31, 2019 .
- ^ Tamatea / Dusky Sound Conservation and Restoration Plan . 2016, p. 4 .
- ^ A b Susan Bailey : Dusky Sound . In: Alexander Hare McLintock (Ed.): An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . Wellington 1966 ( online [accessed March 6, 2018]).
- ^ Tamatea / Dusky Sound Conservation and Restoration Plan . 2016, p. 10 .
- ^ Tamatea / Dusky Sound Conservation and Restoration Plan . 2016, p. 11 .
- ^ Tamatea / Dusky Sound Conservation and Restoration Plan . 2016, p. 21 .
- ^ Fiordland Marine ( Te Moana a Atawhenua ) Reserves . (PDF 2.0 MB) Department of Conservation , 2010, p. 29 , accessed on March 7, 2018 (English).
- ↑ Dusky Track . (PDF 3.15 MB) Department of Conservation , May 2014, accessed on March 7, 2018 .
- ↑ M7.8 Dusky Sound Wed, Jul 15 2009 . In: GeoNet . GNS Science , accessed March 6, 2018 .