Eduard Hitzig

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Eduard Hitzig, around 1877

Julius Eduard Hitzig (born February 6, 1838 in Berlin ; † August 20, 1907 in Luisenheim zu St. Blasien ) was a German psychiatrist and neurophysiologist .

Life

Hitzig, who came from a Jewish family, began studying law , but soon turned to medical school . He studied in Berlin and Würzburg a . a. with Emil Du Bois-Reymond , Rudolf Virchow , Moritz Heinrich Romberg and Carl Friedrich Otto Westphal . In 1862 he received his doctorate as Dr. med. He worked as a resident doctor in Berlin, initially as an electrical therapist. In 1872 he completed his habilitation in Berlin for internal medicine and psychiatry.

In 1875, Hitzig became director of the Burghölzli lunatic asylum and full professor of psychiatry at the University of Zurich . In 1879 he was appointed director of the neuropsychiatric clinic and professor of psychiatry in Halle , where in 1891 he opened the first independent psychiatric and nervous clinic in Prussia.

In 1870, Hitzig, together with Gustav Theodor Fritsch, carried out experiments on electrical stimulation of the brain on dogs. Her much-noticed work was the first proof that individual functions in the cerebral cortex are localized in specific locations.

Hitzig was a member of the Corps Nassovia Würzburg (1859) and Neoborussia Berlin (1860). In 1883 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

family

The niece of Leopold von Ranke heatedly married Henriette (Etta) Ranke (1843–1939).

The family grave is located in the Dorotheenstädtischer Friedhof in Berlin-Mitte, Chausseestrasse . His father Friedrich Hitzig is also buried there.

Works

  • (with Gustav Fritsch ) About the electrical excitability of the cerebrum. In: Archives for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine. 1870, pp. 300-332 ( online ).
  • Studies on the brain: treatises of physiological and pathological content. Hirschwald, Berlin 1874 ( online ).
  • On the Quärulantenwahnsinn, its nosological position and its forensic significance: A treatise for doctors and lawyers. Vogel, Leipzig 1895.
  • Hughlings Jackson and the motor cortical centers in the light of physiological research. Read in the Neurological Society of London on November 29, 1900. Hirschwald, Berlin 1901 ( online ).
  • Physiological and clinical studies on the brain. Collected Treatises. Hirschwald, Berlin 1904 ( online ).

literature

  • Caoimhghin S. Breathnach: Eduard Hitzig, neurophysiologist and psychiatrist. In: History of Psychiatry. ISSN  0957-154X , Volume 3, Number 11, September 1992, pp. 329-338, PMID 11612880 .
  • Hans Heinz Eulner:  Hitzig, Eduard. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , p. 273 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Webb Haymaker, Francis Schiller (Eds.): The founders of neurology: one hundred and forty-six biographical sketches. 2nd Edition. Thomas, Springfield (Ill.) 1970, pp. 229-233.
  • Birgit Lansky: Eduard Hitzig's contribution to the theory of cerebral localization in the late 19th century. Mensch-und-Buch-Verlag, Berlin 2001.
  • Michael Hagner : Hitzig, Eduard. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 606 f.

Web links

Commons : Eduard Hitzig  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Andrew P. Wickens: A History of the Brain: From Stone Age Surgery to Modern Neuroscience , Psychology Press (2014), p. 226
  2. ↑ Michael Hagner: Hitzig, Eduard. 2005, p. 606.
  3. ↑ Johannes Pantel: Neurology, Psychiatry and Internal Medicine. Course and dynamics of a historical dispute. In: Würzburger medical historical reports , Volume 11, 1993, pp. 77-99; here: p. 80 f.
  4. ↑ Eduard Hitzig: Speech given at the inauguration of the psychiatric and mental hospital in Halle a. S. In: Klinisches Jahrbuch , Volume 3, 1891, pp. 112-130.
  5. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1930, 142 , 228; 6 , 154
personal data
SURNAME Heated, Eduard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heated, Julius Eduard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German brain researcher
DATE OF BIRTH February 6, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH August 20, 1907
Place of death Luisenheim in St. Blasien