Eduard von Boguslawski

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Eduard von Boguslawski (born December 30, 1905 in Köthen (Anhalt) , † February 1, 1999 in Rauischholzhausen near Marburg ) was a German crop scientist . As director of the Institute for Plant Cultivation and Plant Breeding at the Justus Liebig University in Giessen, he played a key role in the development of scientific agriculture in Germany in the first decades after the Second World War.

Life path

Eduard von Boguslawski, the son of an engineer, first completed an agricultural apprenticeship after graduating from high school and from 1925 studied natural and agricultural sciences at the Friedrichs University in Halle . He was a member of the Corps Normannia Halle (1927) and Saxonia Frankfurt am Main (1949).

In 1928 he moved to the Albertus University in Königsberg . With a doctoral thesis with the crop scientist Eilhard Alfred Mitscherlich , he was awarded a doctorate in 1932. phil. PhD . After three years as a scientific assistant, he got a job in 1935 at the Institute for Plant Cultivation and Plant Breeding at the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University . He completed his habilitation in 1936 with an experimental thesis on the potassium uptake of oats and received the Venia legendi for the fields of arable farming, plant cultivation and plant breeding. In 1943 he was appointed professor. During the Second World War he headed one of the four research institutes in Kherson that were tasked with reorganizing agricultural research in the occupied eastern territories.

In 1946 Boguslawski was appointed to represent the plant production chair in Gießen and in 1948 he was appointed to the chair for plant production and plant breeding at the University of Gießen, which was initially continued as the Justus Liebig University. Here he developed an intensive teaching and research activity. Retired in 1974, as emeritus he played a key role in the development of scientific agriculture in Germany for over two decades.

Research priorities

During his tenure, von Boguslawski carried out the expansion and equipping of the Giessen Institute for Plant Cultivation and Plant Breeding in an exemplary manner. He managed to set up three experimental fields as well as a vascular station , a lysimeter system and a phytotron for the experimental research work. His particular scientific interest was yield research, i. H. the regularities of yield formation in cultivated plants, which in its beginnings was based on the long-term cooperation with his Königsberg teacher Eilhard Alfred Mitscherlich. His other research included studies on regrown catch crop plants , long-term field experiments on crop rotation problems and methods gentler tillage. A particular concern for him was to obtain reliable information about the nutrient deprivation of the cultivated plants, the optimal nutrient ratio for fertilization and about favorable measures to maintain soil fertility. He also checked problems of manure, green, straw and compost fertilization in long-term tests. In the 1960s, together with Berthold Schneider, he developed the Boguslawski-Schneider Yield Act for the practical forecast of agricultural yields, which is considered a milestone in this area.

Boguslawski was one of the first university lecturers in Germany to investigate questions of organic farming and biodynamic farming using scientific methods. Here he was way ahead of his time. With this topic alone, he opened the large number of his undergraduate and graduate students to future issues. He led more than 120 of his students to doctorate. Six of them ( Paul Limberg , Gerhardt Alleweldt , Walter Schuster , Annelise Vömel , Jochen Alkämper and Jürgen Debruck ) completed their habilitation under his aegis.

Boguslawski has not only published his research results in scientific journals and practical journals, but also published them in extensive articles in handbooks. His long-cherished wish to write a textbook for the students could only be realized after his retirement because of the various other obligations. In collaboration with several agricultural scientists from Giessen, the book was published in 1981 under the title Ackerbau. Basics of plant production .

Presidencies

Academic offices

  • Rector of the Justus Liebig University Gießen (1951–1953)
  • Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture (1961–1963)
  • Dean of the Department of Applied Biology (1971–1972)

Honorary doctorates

Medals and Prizes

Others

Fonts (selection)

  • Oil crops . In: Handbuch der Landwirtschaft, 2nd edition. Edited by Th. Roemer, A. Scheibe, J. Schmidt and E. Woermann. Vol. 2: Plant cultivation theory. Berlin and Hamburg 1953, pp. 318–387.
  • The interaction of the growth factors in generating income . In: Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau Vol. 98, 1954, pp. 145–186.
  • Soil fertility from the point of view of the farmer . In: Agriculture - Applied Science No. 26, 1954, pp. 17-45.
  • The Income Law . In: Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie. Edited by W. Ruhland. Vol. 4; Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg 1958, pp. 943-976.
  • On the problems of crop science . In: Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau Vol. 108, 1959, pp. 321–338.
  • To the development of the term soil fertility . In: Journal for plant nutrition, fertilization, soil science, Vol. 108, 1965, pp. 97–115.
  • Laws of Growth and Income . In: Handbook of plant nutrition and fertilization. Published by Hans Linser. Vol. 1, second half. Vienna, New York 1972, pp. 739-788.
  • The field fertilization trial (together with W. Schuster ). In: Handbook of plant nutrition and fertilization. Published by Hans Linser vol. 1, second half. Wien, New York 1972, pp. 1181-1289.
  • On the development and problems of location research in crop production . Berlin and Hamburg 1973 (= progress in arable and crop production, issue 1).
  • Agriculture. Basics of plant production (with the collaboration of B. Bretschneider-Herrmann, J. Debruck, T. Harrach, W. Höfner and P. Limberg). Frankfurt / Main 1981.
  • Conventional farming, alternatives to farming, ecosystems, agro-ecosystems. (A contribution to the formation of concepts) . In: Landwirtschaftliche Forschung Vol. 37, 1984, pp. 241-247.

literature

  • W. Schuster : Professor Dr. Eduard von Boguslawski 60 years . In: Saatgut-Wirtschaft Vol. 18, 1966, p. 18 u. 20th
  • J. Alkämper: Professor Dr. Dr. hc Eduard von Boguslawski - 80 years . In: Landwirtschaftliche Forschung Vol. 38, 1985, before p. 309 (with picture).
  • With the carriage to the field. Prof. Dr. hc mult. Eduard von Boguslawski was 90 years old . In: Uni-Forum (University newspaper of Justus Liebig University Gießen) vol. 11, January 24, 1996, p. 1 (with picture).
  • Hans-Richard Wegener: The International Working Group for Soil Fertility (IOSDV) in the International Soil Science Union mourns its chairman, Professor Eduard von Boguslawski . In: Archive for arable and plant cultivation and soil science, Vol. 44, 1999, pp. 451–455 (with picture).
  • A life for crop science . Festschrift for Eduard von Boguslawski on his 90th birthday on December 30, 1995. Edited by Wolfgang Böhm and Martin Zoschke . Auretim Verlag Göttingen 1995, ISBN 3-930354-04-7 (with picture, complete bibliography of the writings of E. von Boguslawski and complete list of the dissertations supervised by him).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 22/382; 29/18
  2. ↑ Susanne Heim: "The pure air of scientific research. The Kaiser Wilhelm Society's self-image." Preprints from the research program “History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society under National Socialism”. Published by Carola Sachse on behalf of the Presidential Commission of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science e. V. 2002.
personal data
SURNAME Boguslawski, Eduard von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German crop scientist
DATE OF BIRTH December 30, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Koethen (Anhalt)
DATE OF DEATH February 1, 1999
Place of death Rauischholzhausen near Marburg