Eduard von Martens

Eduard von Martens, portrait by Wilhelm Höffert .

Carl Eduard von Martens (born April 18, 1831 in Stuttgart , † August 14, 1904 in Berlin ) was a German zoologist , especially a malacologist .

Life

Martens was the son of the zoologist Georg von Martens . He studied at the universities in Tübingen , Stuttgart and Munich . In 1860 he took part in an expedition to East Asia as the responsible zoologist. After the expedition ended in 1862, von Martens undertook a subsequent journey through the Indomalay Archipelago for a period of another 15 months. On April 10, 1874, von Martens and his colleague Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstäcker were appointed " extraordinary professors at the University of Berlin " by the German Emperor and King of Prussia .

Until his death in 1904, von Martens worked at the Zoological Museum Berlin as curator of the malacological collection and the collection for marine invertebrates, and most recently as the museum's second director.

Martens described 155 new genera , including 150 new genera of molluscs and approximately 1,800 new species including approximately 1,680 species of molluscs, 39 species of crustaceans and 50 echinoderms . In 1874 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . In December 1885 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg . Martens was one of the main contributors to the Encyclopedia of Natural Sciences and edited the Natural History Archives from 1881 to 1885 .

Fonts

• 1860. The helices, systematically arranged according to natural relationship by J. Chr. Albers , Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig (with J. Chr. Albers)
• 1860. On the Mollusca of Siam. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1860: 6-18

• 1863. About his journey across Sumatra in 1862. Journal of General Geography 15,551
• 1864. About his travels in the East Indian archipelago in 1862. Zeitschrift fur Allgemeine Gekunde 16,463

• 1865. On the Australia species of Paludina . The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.3 16,255-256
• 1865. Descriptions of the new species of shells. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.3 16,428-432
• 1866. Conchological Gleanings. II. On some species of Assiminea. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.3 17,202-207
• 1867. Conchological Gleanings. VI. On the species of Argonauta . The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.3 20,103-106

• 1866. Directory of Dr. E. Schweinfurth in the summer of 1864 on his voyage on the Red Sea, collected zoological objects and sent to Berlin. Treatises of the imperial-royal zoological-botanical society in Vienna 16,377-382
• 1866. Genus. Lanistes Montfort. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series great. Mollusca extramarina. Description and illustration of new or critical land and freshwater mollusks., Vol. 2 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 285-295
• 1867/76. The Prussian expedition to East Asia. According to official sources. Zoological part. Königliche Geheime Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei , Berlin
  • 1876. First volume. ( Digitized and full text in the German text archive ).
  • 1867. Second volume. ( Digitized and full text in the German text archive ).
• 1868. Description of a new species. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series great. Mollusca extramarina. Description and illustration of new or critical land and freshwater mollusks., Vol. 3 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 381

• 1869. Mollusks. In: Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Travels in East Africa in the Years 1859-1865, vol. 3 Scientific Results, Part 1, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Crustaceans, Mollusks and Echinoderms Kersten, O. ed., 53-66
• 1869. Survey of the land and fresh water mollusks on the East African coast from Cap Guardafui to Port Natal and the nearest islands. In: Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Travels in East Africa in the Years 1859-1865, vol. 3 Scientific results, Part 1, mammals, birds, amphibians, crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms Kersten, O. ed., 148-160

• 1871. Donum Bismarckianum. A collection of South Sea Conchylia, Ferdinand Berggold, Berlin (with B. Langkavel)
• 1873. Description of a new species. In: Catalog of the marine Mollusca of New Zealand, with diagnoses of the species, vol. Hutton, FW ed.
• 1873. Critical list of the Mollusca of New Zealand contained in European collections, with references to descriptions and synonyms, Government printer, Wellington

• 1873. The interior mollusks of Venezuela. In: Festschrift to celebrate the centenary of the Society of Friends of Natural Sciences in Berlin, vol. Reichert, KB ed., 157-225

• 1873. Sopra alcuni molluschi terrestri di Malta. Bullettino Malacologico Italiano 6.26-29
• 1874. Sliznyaki Mollusca. In: Journey in Turkestan by Alexis Fedtschenkow. At the instigation of the Governor General of Turestan, General Kaufmann Society of Friends of Natural Sciences in Moscow ed., Vol. 2 Zoological Part 1 Fedchencko, AP ed.
• 1874. About Near Eastern Conchylia, after the collections of Prof. Hausknecht. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series great. Mollusca extramarina. Description and illustration of new or critical land and freshwater mollusks., Vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed.
• 1875. The genus Neritina . In: Systematic Conchylia Cabinet by Martini and Chemnitz, vol. 2.1-64
• 1875. List of land and freshwater shells collected by Mr. Osbert Salvin in Guatemala in 1873-1874. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875, 647-649
• 1876. Description of nonmarine mollusca. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series great. Mollusca extramarina. Description and illustration of new or critical land and freshwater mollusks., Vol. 4 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 145-171
• 1876. The Bulimus species from the Borus group . In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series great. Mollusca extramarina. Description and illustration of new or critical land and freshwater mollusks., Vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 1-26
• 1877. The genus Neritina . In: Systematic Conchylia Cabinet by Martini and Chemnitz, vol. 2.65-144
• 1877. Description of nonmarine mollusca. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series great. Mollusca extramarina. Description and illustration of new or critical land and freshwater mollusks., Vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 29-38
• 1878. The genus Neritiana .. In. Novitates Conchologicae. Series great. Mollusca extramarina. Description and illustration of new or critical land and freshwater mollusks., Vol. 2 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 145-208
• 1878. Caucasian conchylia. In: Scientific contributions to the knowledge of the Caucasus countries, due to his collection booty, Schneider, O. ed., 11-34
• 1879. Descriptions of nonmarine Mollusca. In: Novitates Conchologicae. Series great. Mollusca extramarina. Description and illustration of new or critical land and freshwater mollusks., Vol. 5 Pfeiffer, K. ed., 175-197
• 1880. Mollusks. In: Contributions to the marine fauna of the island of Mauritius and the Seychelles, vol. Möbius, K. ed., 181-352

• 1880. List of Dr. Alexander Brandt collected molluscs in Russian Armenia. Mélanges Biologiques 10,379-400
• 1880. List of Dr. Alexander Brandt collected molluscs in Russian Armenia. Bulletin de L'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg 26,142-158

• 1882. About Central Asian Mollusks. Mémoires de l'Académie impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg Classe physico-mathématique 30.1-65
• 1883. Description of two species of land shells from Porto Rico. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2,370-371
• 1886. Mollusca. In: MM Schepman, Systematic lijst, met beschrijving der nieuwe soorten .. In. Midden Sumatra. Reizen en onderzoekingen the Sumatra expedition… Deel IV Natuurlijke Historie, I Fauna, 3, vol. 3 Veth, PJ ed., 5-18
• 1886. The mollusks of South Georgia after the yield of the German station 1882-83. Yearbook of the Hamburg Scientific Institutions 3.63-135 (with G. Pfeffer)
• 1887. List of the Shells of Mergui and its Archipelago, collected for the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, by Dr. John Anderson, FRS, Superintendent of the Museum. Journal of the Linnean Society of London Zoology 21, 155-219
• 1889. Description of new species of Athoracophorus from New Zealand. In H. Simroth, contributions to the knowledge of nudibranchs. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum 54.1-91
• 1890-1901. Land and freshwater mollusca. In. Biologia Centrali-Americana, vol. Godman, FD & Salvin, O. ed.
• 1891. Land snails of the Indian archipelago. In: Results of a Trip in Dutch East India, vol. Weber, M. ed., 209-263

• 1894. Mollusks .. In. Zoological research trips to Australia and the Malay Archipelago, ser. Memoranda of the Medical and Natural Science Society of Jena, 8, vol. 5 Semon, R. ed., 83-96
• 1895. Esplorazione del Giuba e dei Suoi Affluenti compiuta dal Cap. V. Bottego durante gli anni 1892-93 sotto gli auspicii della Società Geografica Italiana. Risultati Zoologici. IV. Molluschi terrestri e d'aqua dolce. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova 35.63-66
• 1897. Fresh and brackish water mollusks of the Indian archipelago .. In. Zoological Results of a Trip in Dutch East India, vol. 4 Weber, M. ed., 1-331
• 1897. Wired molluscs of German East Africa. In: German East Africa, vol. 4 Stuhlmann, F. ed.
• 1898. Land and freshwater mollusks of the Seychelles according to the collections of Dr. Aug. Brewer. Messages from the zoological collection of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin 1,1-94
• 1899. Mollusca. In: Symbolae Physicae sei icones adhuc ineditae corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum quae ex per Libyam…. Zoologica Carlgren, F., Hilgendorf, F., Martens, Ev, Matschie, P., Tornier, G. & Weltner, W. ed., 11-12
• 1904. The wired gastropods of the German deep-sea expedition, 1898-1899 .. In. A. Systematic-Geographical Part., Vol. 7 Scientific results of the German deep-sea expedition on the steamer "Valdivia" 1898-1899.1-146
• 1904. Appendix VII. Mollusks .. In. The Kalahari. Attempt at a physical-geographical representation of the sand fields of the South African basin Passarge, S. ed., 754-759
• 1905. Korean freshwater mollusks. Zoological yearbooks 8.23-70
• 1908. Description of some in eastern Borneo by Dr. Martin Schmidt collected land and freshwater conchylia. Messages from the Zoological Museum in Berlin 4,249-292 (with J. Thiele)

literature

• CB Klunzinger : In memory of E. v. Martens. In: Annual notebooks of the association for patriotic natural history in Württemberg, 61, Stuttgart 1905, p. XLVI-L archive
• Albert Günther : Carl Eduard von Martens . In: Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London . tape 117 , 1905, pp. 43-45 ( online [accessed December 22, 2011]).
• Brigitte Hoppe :  Martens, Eduard von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 268 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Alan R. Kabat, Kenneth J. Boss: Karl Eduard von Martens (1831-1904). His Life and Works . Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 1997.
• Andreas W. Daum : Science popularization in the 19th century. Civil culture, scientific education and the German public 1848–1914 . 2nd, supplementary edition, Oldenbourg, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-486-56551-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ GStA PK I. HA Rep. 89 No. 21486, fol. 80 r
2. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Eduard von Martens. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed October 4, 2015 . 
3. ^ Andreas W. Daum: Science popularization in the 19th century. Civil culture, scientific education and the German public 1848–1914 . Oldenbourg, Munich 2002, p. 367, 408, 457, 500 .

Web links

Wikisource: Eduard von Martens  - Sources and full texts

• Portrait of Eduard von Martens