Ivy Speedwell
Ivy Speedwell | ||||||||||||
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Ivy speedwell ( veronica hederifolia ) |
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Veronica hederifolia | ||||||||||||
L. |
The Ivy speedwell ( Veronica hederifolia ), also Ivy-speedwell called, is a kind of the genus of prizes ( Veronica ) within the family of plantain plants (Plantaginaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The ivy speedwell is an annual herbaceous plant that can grow to a height of 30 centimeters. The stems are mostly lying, but sometimes also ascending and loosely hairy, especially in the upper part. They are branched right at the base. The broad oval, notched, stalked leaves are opposite, while the very similar-looking bracts are arranged alternately.
Generative characteristics
The long-stalked flowers are located individually in the upper leaf axils. The hermaphroditic flowers have a double flower envelope . The 3 to 7 millimeter wide crowns are light, purple to blue in color and have a drawn-out tip.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 54.
Ecology and phenology
Veronica hederifolia germinates from the top soil layer in late autumn or early spring. The flowering period extends from March to May.
The ivy speedwell is a summer or winter annual (annual = annual) and spring green therophyte - its seedlings survive the winter cold without any problems. The ivy speedwell can germinate even in winter.
The flowers remain closed when it rains. Flower visitors are relatives of bees , but mostly spontaneous self-pollination takes place. The anthers are already open during flowering and enclose the stigma.
Fruit ripening is from April to June. The fruit stalks are elongated after flowering and curved downwards. The capsule fruits usually remain closed. In the cavity of the large, bowl-shaped seeds , which are up to 3 millimeters long, an air bubble later forms so that they can spread out as rain sprouts. The seeds also carry an elaiosome that ants can spread . In addition, spreading occurs randomly, for example through thistle finches. Also, Veronica hederifolia a Selbstaussäer. The seeds are dark germs .
Occurrence
The ivy speedwell occurs in almost all of Europe and is quite common. In addition, its distribution area also includes North Africa, the Canaries, Madeira, Western Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. It thrives best on loose, nutrient-rich and mild clay soils . It can be found in root crop fields, fallow land and in gardens. In fields it competes with winter barley and can severely hinder its growth if it occurs more frequently. Ivy honor price is in Central Europe a weak characteristic species of the association Aperion spicae-venti.
Systematics
The first publication of Veronica hederifolia was done by Carl von Linné .
According to some authors, the following taxa are also subspecies of Veronica hederifolia :
- Veronica hederifolia L. as Veronica hederifolia subsp. hederifolia : It occurs in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
- Grove speedwell ( Veronica sublobata M.A.Fisch. ) As Veronica hederifolia subsp. lucorum (Velcro & Richt.) Hartl
- Veronica triloba (Opiz) Wiesb. as Veronica hederifolia subsp. triloba (Opiz) Čelak. : It occurs in southern, central, eastern Europe and western Asia.
According to K. Marhold, there are also the subspecies:
- Veronica hederifolia subsp. insularis Gamisans: It occurs in Corsica.
- Veronica hederifolia subsp. maura Murb .: It occurs in Morocco and Tunisia.
literature
- Bruno P. Kremer: Steinbach's great plant guide. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4903-6 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 842 .
- ^ A b Veronica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d Karol Marhold, 2011: Plantaginaceae : data sheet Veronica hederifolia In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Web links
- Veronica hederifolia L. s. str., Ivy Speedwell. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Veronica hederifolia agg., Ivy Speedwell (species group). In: FloraWeb.de.
- Ivy Speedwell . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany. for Veronica hederifolia agg.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Veronica hederifolia L. s.str. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved March 8, 2016.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere.
- Thomas Meyer: Efeu- Ehrenpreis data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
- www.oekolandbau.de : Efeublättriger Ehrenpreis (Veronica hederifolia) ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )