Egiin Gol
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Egiin Gol Эгийн гол |
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 The Egiin Gol (Eg) in the northwestern river system of the Selenge (Angara) |
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| Data | ||
| location | Chöwsgöl , Bulgan ( Mongolia ) | |
| River system | Yenisei | |
| Drain over | Selenga → Angara → Yenisei → Arctic Ocean | |
| origin | Lake Chöwsgöl Nuur 50 ° 25 ′ 10 ″ N , 100 ° 9 ′ 10 ″ E |
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| Source height | 1645 m | |
| muzzle | in the Selenge coordinates: 49 ° 23 ′ 15 " N , 103 ° 37 ′ 30" E 49 ° 23 ′ 15 " N , 103 ° 37 ′ 30" E |
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| Mouth height | 823 m | |
| Height difference | 822 m | |
| Bottom slope | 1.5 ‰ | |
| length | Max. 535 km, with the main source river Yihe Horo Gol 720 km | |
| Catchment area | approx. 41,800 km² | |
| Drain |
MQ |
100 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Üür , Tarvagatai, Tavt, Bayan | |
| Flowing lakes | Chöwsgöl Nuur | |
| Communities | Chatgal , Mankhan, Earth Bulgan | |
| Residents in the catchment area | 21,000 | |
 The Egiin Gol shortly after leaving the Chöwsgöl Nuur |
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The Egiin gol ( Mongolian Эгийн гол ("Eg'scher River"), Russian Эгин-Гол ) is the left tributary of the Selenge (Selenga) with the most water and is at least 535 km long. In the north of Mongolia ( Asia ) it drains the largest freshwater lake in the country, the Chöwsgöl Nuur , and then flows through a wooded mountainous country, the valley floors of which are occupied by short-grass steppe and serve as pastureland for the largely nomadic population.
course
The headwaters of the largest of the approximately 90 tributaries of Lake Chöwsgöl also represent the actual headwaters of the Egiin Gol. The Yihe Horo Gol rises at the southern foot of a summit over 3100 m high in the eastern Sajan Mountains . After leaving the 1645 meter high lake near Chatgal (until 1933 the main town of the Chöwsgöl province ), the Egiin Gol flows south and reaches an area with less precipitation (average around 250 mm / a) with partly salty lakes. In front of a low elevation that separates the valley from the lower lying plain around Mörön , the river turns sharply to the east-northeast and flows through a 300 to 500 meter deep valley up to 2700 meter high mountain country with mostly low mountain range-like relief. Below the village of Erdenebulgan, the Egiin Gol meets the Üür coming from the left, which is twice as watery . Nevertheless, the name of the Egiin Gol remains, which means that it swings to the southeast direction of the Üür. The valley, which now runs in the Bulgan-Aimag , is winding and narrowing, is very far from traffic until it joins the Selenga, which is only slightly larger here. Due to the higher annual precipitation amounts (up to 400 mm / a), the valley is almost completely covered by boreal coniferous forest.
Catchment area and natural area
In view of the hydrological dominance of the Üür tributary, the catchment area is often referred to as the Eg-Üür area (“Eg-Üür-Watershed”). Despite the lower water flow, the Egiin Gol has a larger sub-catchment area at the confluence with around 22,500 km² than the Üür with around 12,300 km². The lower area drainage of the upper Egiin Gol is due to the somewhat lower rainfall, the less steep relief and above all to the large evaporation area of Lake Chöwsgöl.
The flow regime of the river is largely shaped by the location of the catchment area in the cold, semi-arid continental climate of Central Asia with permafrost at shallow depths. The mean temperature of the winter months is given as −20 ° C and the mean temperature of the summer months is 15 to 20 ° C. At the beginning of November, ice forms on the Egiin Gol, which freezes through over the winter. In the thaw period, usually from mid-May, strong floods can occur several times. The runoff is concentrated in the summer months (50–70%) and spring (20%).
In the catchment area, deep, fertile soils have been developed, in the grasslands often Kastanoseme , in the more precipitous heights podsole . The Egiin Gol area comprises the largest taiga area in Mongolia and at the same time 10% of the country's total forest area with typical species such as Siberian stone pine , Siberian larch and silver birch . It is home to reindeer , Siberian musk deer , taimen (largest salmon fish), great bustard , swan goose , black stork and eastern imperial eagle . An area of exceptionally high biodiversity has developed around the confluence with the Üür .
Culture and economy
On the lower Egiin Gol, a little above the confluence with the Selenge, there are archaeological excavation sites, the most important of which is a necropolis of the Xiongnu with over a hundred burial sites from five centuries since the third century BC. Some of these excavations had been started as emergency excavations, since it was planned from around 1990 to damming the Egiin Gol for energy generation and flood regulation. The Egiin Gol river basin in the Chöwsgöl Nuur area is already easily accessible to tourists. In addition, the course of the river below the confluence with the Üür is increasingly being visited as part of an angler's long-distance tourism lasting several days .
Web links
References and comments
- ↑ a b The information on the length below Lake Chöwsgöl ranges from 475 km in the article Egiin Gol in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian) to 535 km (M. Nyamaa: Khövsgöl aimgiin lavlakh toli , Ulaanbaatar 2001). A comparison measurement in the satellite image (Google earth) shows around 510 km, which comes a little closer to the Nyamaa information.
- ^ A b Yuri Mun, Ick Hwan Ko, Lunten Janchivdorj, Bair Gomboev, Sang In Kang, Chang-Hee Lee: Integrated Water Management Model on the Selenge River Basin - Status Survey and Investigation (Phase I) ( Memento of the original from 4. March 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 13.09 MB) . Korea Environment Institute Seoul 2008 ISBN 89-8464-3572 , on unep.ch (English)
- ↑ The data are inconsistent: the information used is from an overview of Mongolian waters with the Эгийн гол ( Memento from June 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (Egiin Gol; Mongolian). In Mun et al. there are three MQ data: 30.7 m³ / s (probably for Erdenebulgan), 84 m³ / s and 90.3 m³ / s. The higher values also appear somewhat low in view of the river bed features recognizable in the satellite image, which suggest that the Egiin Gol's water flow is hardly less than that of the Selenga.
- ↑ Höbsögöl Dalay - Sheet NM 47 , map, M = 1: 1,000,000, Washington DC 1961, on lib.utexas.edu
- ↑ Gol Mod burial ground ( French-Mongolian expedition ), archaeological expedition, accessed on April 21, 2012
