Eiberg (Bochum-Essen)

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The area of ​​the former municipality of Eiberg extends today, after the municipal reorganization of 1926 and later incorporations, over the outskirts of Bochum and Essen .

history

Name explanation and first mention

The meaning of the word Eiberg goes back to an old Saxon name. The Ey means as much as floodplain, i.e. river valley. Also with the spelling Oyberge , Oiborch means Oy or Oi Aue. The Eiberg is the mountain that extends north of the Ruhrauen from today's Dahlhausen . The Eybach (formerly: the Eybecke ) also flows into the Ruhr here .

The settlement core of the Eiberg farming community with three farms was first mentioned in 1150 in a register of the Werden Abbey. The Otmarius- and Liutbertushof farms were located at today's Hinderfeld farm on Varenholzstrasse, today in Wattenscheid . Hof Verderke is Hof Friedrich, today the Spelberghof riding facility, also on Varenholzstrasse.

In connection with a tithing dispute, which the Archbishop of Cologne Rainald von Dassel settled, the Eiberg farmers were named again on February 19, 1166.

Territories

Overview map of the former community of Eiberg up to 1919 and today's affiliations

In the years 1225/1226, after the assassination of Archbishop Engelbert of Cologne and the execution of Friedrich von Isenberg , Eiberg and the other so-called Brandenburg communities Freisenbruch , Horst and Steeler Berg were forcibly separated from the Essen monastery .

In 1243 Eiberg was assigned to Count Adolf I von der Mark and thus came to the Westphalian county of Mark . A document about border problems between Steele and the Rellinghausen monastery from 1378 shows that the Rellinghauser monastery area extends up the Ruhr to Eiberg.

The county of Mark passed into the province of Westphalia in 1815 , with Eiberg belonging to the Niederamt Wattenscheid , which also included the farmers Heßler , Schalke , Gelsenkirchen , Munscheid, Eppendorf , Freisenbruch and Königssteele .

As a result of the Prussian reorganization of the municipality in 1844, Eiberg became an independent rural municipality in the Bochum district, later Hattingen . In 1885, Eiberg left the Niederamt Wattenscheid. Freisenbruch and Eiberg, like Horst , now belonged to the Königssteele office. In 1919, economic reasons after the First World War forced the communities of Eiberg, Horst, Freisenbruch and Königssteele to merge to form the larger community of Königssteele.

Most of the original municipal area Eiberg arrived by law on the reorganization of municipal boundaries in the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial districts on 1 April 1926 by the union of the Westphalian King Steele with the Rhineland city Steele, the Rhineland incorporated into the city of Essen and was the 1929th The southeast region of Eiberg came to Linden-Dahlhausen and Wattenscheid and remained Westphalian. Today it belongs to Bochum and is subdivided into city district 2 (Wattenscheid).

After the council decision of June 30, 1967, Eiberg is no longer a separate district in the Essen area. It was divided between the current districts of Freisenbruch and Horst. The Westphalian parts of Eiberg today belong to Sevinghausen (Stalleicken, part of Höntrop), Höntrop and Dahlhausen in Bochum's urban area.

Yards

From the tax lists of the county of Mark from 1486 it emerges that the farmers counted twelve farms at that time and were administered by Schulten . The former Schulte-Bockholt farm was first mentioned in the mid-13th century in the loan book of Dietrich I von Volmerstein . Some parts of the court were pledged to Werden Abbey and in 1275 to the canoness Elisa von Rennenberg in Essen . The farm, which due to its size was the highest taxed in Eiberg, is consistently proven to be male inheritance until the 1970s. In 1909 a vinegar and sauerkraut factory was opened there. After the last heir Arnulf Schulte-Bockholt went to Canada, the farm was leased to the Steele-Horst riding and driving club. After receiving a riding arena and tournament grounds in 1979, the first riding tournaments took place a year later. Three courtyards still existed until at least the second half of the 18th century. The last farm, the Althoff farm on today's Weg am Berge road , was closed around 1970. During the 17th and 18th centuries still came cottas added of the agricultural workers. These were located on Eiberg- and Uhlendahlweg, Wiesmannsbrink and Sudholzstraße on the Bochum side.

industrialization

Eiberg colliery, memorial (2011)

Since the coal seams on the Ruhr came very close to the surface of the earth, hard coal mining , and with it industrialization, also reached Eiberg. As a result, the Eiberg colliery was built in 1853, initially under the name of Zeche Jacob. As a result, further settlements arose in addition to the existing courtyards. In 1903 the Eiberg colliery had the largest workforce with 1180 people. In 1854, the United Maria Anna Steinbank colliery in Höntrop opened the Mariannenbahn, a horse-drawn railway that runs through Eiberg, for transporting coal to Steele. It was shut down again in the 1860s.

In 1914, despite petitions to Berlin and several debates about the Eiberg colliery in the Prussian House of Representatives , it was shut down. From 1925 to 1968 it was continued as the Eiberg mine by the Heinrich colliery (Essen-Überruhr) . During the Second World War , the old colliery buildings that were no longer needed were mainly demolished by prisoners of war from Eastern Europe and the Netherlands . In 1953 eight miners were killed in an accident while opening up a shaft. A memorial on Hobestatt Street commemorates this. There is now a housing estate on the former colliery site.

The stone factory Dr. C. Otto in nearby Dahlhausen contributed significantly to industrialization. From 1870 the Eiberger coal sandstone was processed there into refractory stones suitable for blast furnaces.

The Bismarck Tower, inaugurated on April 1, 1902, with no viewing function, was made of coal sandstone and was 14.35 meters high. It was crowned by a cast-iron fire bowl that was fired with benzene. The construction of the tower goes back to a private initiative of the managing director of the Dahlhauser company C. Otto & Co., Gustav Hilgenstock, who had the column built by his company according to the design of the Duisburg company Gebrüder Kiefer. Once Eiberg's landmark on the mountain above the Ruhr, parts of the tower were demolished in 1941 when a flak position was being built to defend against enemy planes. The remaining part was removed in 1945.

Second World War

Former Bismarck tower, before 1910

During the Second World War , parts of Eiberg, outside the hard hit centers of Essen and Bochum, also suffered war damage. Heavy air raids were carried out on Eiberg on June 2 and July 24, 1941. After the Ruhr bridges were blown up by Germans on April 8, 1945, American troops conquered the Eiberger Hof Hinderfeld in subsequent fighting and held it occupied for almost four weeks. There was a camp for Polish and Ukrainian prisoners of war on the Essen-Überruhr – Bochum-Langendreer railway , near today 's Essen-Eiberg S-Bahn station . Once Eiberg's landmark on the mountain above the Ruhr, parts of the Bismarck tower were demolished in 1941 during the construction of an anti-aircraft position to defend against enemy aircraft. The remaining part was removed in 1945. At the fork in the road Dahlhauser- / Imandtstraße, where the Franz Sales Haus workshops are today , stood the Horst-Eiberger Volksschule, which was founded in 1870 and still served as emergency accommodation after the war. There was also the hall construction restaurant Romberg with an imperial hall for large events.

Eiberg today

Former Church of the Holy Trinity in Eiberg, built in 1958, since 2011 residence for disabled people in the Franz Sales House

The now rural area of ​​Eiberg lies between the medieval course of the old trading route Hellweg in the north, today Bochumer Landstrasse , and the Eybach at the foot of the Ruhr heights of the right bank of the Ruhr in the south. Today there is loose housing and agriculture in the entire area.

In the years 1957/58 the Church of the Holy Trinity was built on Schultenweg and on February 23, 1959 an independent parish. After it was closed in 2008 and renovated in 2009/2010, it became a dormitory for twenty mentally disadvantaged people as a branch of the Franz Sales House .

coat of arms

Eiberg coat of arms

Blazon : “Under a shield head, red and silver (white) slaughtered in three rows of seven (or eight) fields per coat of arms, beginning with a red field at the top left; split, color-changing in blue and silver (white) over a mountain of three, two upright acorns. "

The coat of arms was designed by Kurt Schweder and never had an official character. At the end of the 1980s, the heraldist created coats of arms for all of Essen's districts. They have meanwhile been well received by the Essen population.

The coat of arms is a so-called " talking coat of arms "; the acorns stand for "egg" and the three mountain for "mountain". In memory of the long affiliation to the county of Mark , the Mark chess bar was added to the Swedish version of the shield head. In the spellings Oyberge and Oiberge in the 12th century and Oieberch in the 13th century, Oy or Oi stands for floodplain or wet meadows . The Dreiberg stands for the three-part Eibergschen Berg on the Ruhraue; the acorn in the coat of arms for the formerly wooded area in which the rural residents appreciated the acorns for their pig fattening. This coat of arms applies today to both the Essen and the Bochum part of Eiberg.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Christian Schlich: "850 years of Eiberg - history of a community between Hellweg and Ruhr, Rhineland and Westphalia", self-published, Eiberg 2000; Issue 3 Heimatgeschichtskreis Eiberg
  2. ↑ Steeler Archive e. V .; Retrieved July 9, 2013
  3. ^ A b c Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and municipalities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 229 and 254 .
  4. ↑ Hof Schulte-Bockholt: From agriculture to the equestrian meeting ; In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung of July 16, 2018; accessed on July 6, 2018
  5. ↑ Derwesten.de from February 16, 2016: Eiberg celebrates its 850th anniversary with a community festival ; accessed on July 6, 2018
  6. ↑ a b Bismarcktuerme.de: Bismarck Tower in Bochum-Dahlhausen
  7. ↑ Cf. on this Johann Rainer Busch: Kurt Schweders Wappen der Essener Stadtteile Essen 2009, p. 91

Coordinates: 51 ° 26 ′ 33 "  N , 7 ° 6 ′ 57"  E