Heinrich Colliery (Essen-Überruhr)

Heinrich colliery
	General information about the mine
	; Information sign of the Route of Industrial Culture
	Information about the mining company
Start of operation	1852
End of operation	1968
Successor use	Industrial monument, continued operation for drainage
	Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Hard coal
	Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 25 '6 " N , 7 ° 4' 29" E Coordinates: 51 ° 25 '6 " N , 7 ° 4' 29" E
	Location Heinrich colliery
Location	Overturn
local community	eat
Independent city ( NUTS3 )	eat
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany
District	Ruhr area

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Headframe of the Heinrich colliery

The Zeche Heinrich was a coal - mine in Essen .

history

1809-1890

The mine field of the Heinrich colliery extended in the area from Überruhr to Byfang in the south and in the east to shortly before Burgaltendorf .

The Heinrich trade union was formed in 1809 through the consolidation of a number of mining mines in Überruhr. From 1810 was adit into the hill propelled , which until 1827 pre- and dismantling was operated. Due to problems with neighbors, the transition to civil engineering became necessary. However, this was refused several times by the mining authority . Therefore, the union was first liquidated in 1834. Part of the mine field was exchanged with the neighboring United Charlotte mine and dismantled from there .

In 1837 the Heinrich trade union restituted itself and began mining the tunnels again . Due to legal disputes with neighboring mining companies, several applications to start civil engineering were again rejected, and approval was not given until 1847 . In the same year Heinrich shaft 1 below Überruhr at Lange Straße sunk , he went in 1852 promotion . From 1858 the mine field was divided into two mine departments. The western one was opened up by the Heinrich 1 shaft . The eastern one was exploited using the mining facilities at the United Charlotte colliery . In 1859 a small weather shaft was sunk between the Heinrich and Charlotte collieries . From 1868 the eastern mining department was permanently leased to the United Charlotte mine.

After the acquisition of further mine field properties , the shafts were sunk deeper in order to develop the coal reserves lying below the tunnel floors. The weather shaft was expanded in 1882, shaft Heinrich 1 received a German strut frame as a conveyor system in 1884 . The production increased to 100,000 t of anthracite coal per year with 300 employees.

1890-1945

First two additional weather shafts were sunk. From 1910 the eastern mining department was also taken back from the now closed coal mine United Charlotte .

The upward trend of the Heinrich colliery was not interrupted by the First World War. Between 1916 and 1918, shaft Heinrich 2 was sunk next to shaft 1 . This was provided with a brick winding tower (hammer head tower) which had a steam hoisting machine . The production rose to 210,000 tons of coal annually, 1000 people were employed. In 1926 a briquette factory was put into operation.

In 1929 the Heinrich trade union bought the mining property of Adler Bergbau-AG . Most of the mines acquired were closed. The Charlotte colliery was reopened in 1934 as the Theodor colliery . By intensifying the expansion and dismantling measures, the production of the Heinrich colliery rose to up to 500,000 tons of coal annually with 1,400 employees.

1945–1968

After it was put back into operation after the end of the war, the Holthuser Tal weather shaft was sunk south of shaft 1/2 from 1951 to 1954 . In 1952, the Heinrich trade union was transformed into Heinrich Bergbau-AG . The Alter Hellweg colliery in Unna was acquired as a mine.

From 1957 to 1958, the Heinrich 3 shaft next to shafts 1 and 2 was sunk as a new central conveyor system. This took the total from 1960 funding . Shaft 1 remained a cable car shaft , while shaft 2 was only open for weather purposes.

Shutdown

Holthuser Tal shaft

Due to the coal crisis , a funding network was established with the Theodor colliery in 1964 . The funding remained on Heinrich 1/2/3.

In spite of this, Heinrich Bergbau-AG decided to completely abandon the mining operations in 1968. On April 1, 1968, the Heinrich and Theodor shafts were shut down. The wells were filled , except Heinrich shaft 3 and Holt Huser valley that the dewatering remained open. In this function, they are still in operation today. The headframe above shaft Heinrich 3 has been preserved, can be seen from afar and is part of the route of industrial culture .

Residential buildings have now been built on the rest of the colliery site. The pit water , which is still lifted from the Heinrich 3 shaft today and comes from disused pit fields in the entire south of Essen and the south-west of Bochum, serves as a drinking water emergency reserve for the city of Essen. In addition, the Heinrich colliery must always be pumped out, otherwise the Oberhausen city would be flooded. The reason for this is that Überruhr-Holthausen (shaft-related) is three meters above Oberhausen.

literature

Wilhelm and Gertrude Hermann: The old mines on the Ruhr. Past and future of a key technology. With a catalog of the "life stories" of 477 mines. (= The Blue Books ). 6th edition, expanded to include an excursus according to p. 216 and updated in parts relating to energy policy. Langewiesche publishing house, Königstein i. Ts. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7845-6994-9 (after the 5th, completely revised and expanded edition 2003, post-processing 2002: Christiane Syré, final editing 2007 Hans-Curt Köster).
Joachim Huske: The coal mines in the Ruhr area. 3rd edition, self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
Johann Rainer Busch: The coal mining in Essen Überruhr. 2006, ISBN 978-3-00-019524-2 .

Individual evidence

↑ Überruhr has a black past. (PDF) In: derwesten.de. June 2, 2016, accessed August 5, 2008 .

Web links

Commons : Zeche Heinrich - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[1] Überruhr has a black past. (PDF) In: derwesten.de. June 2, 2016, accessed August 5, 2008 .