Alter Hellweg colliery
| Alter Hellweg colliery | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| other names | Zeche Glückauf Zeche Hellweg |
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| Mining technology | Underground mining | ||
| Funding / year | Max. 476,670 t | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Heinrich Bergbau AG | ||
| Employees | up to 1963 | ||
| Start of operation | 1859 | ||
| End of operation | 1961 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 32 '22 " N , 7 ° 40' 48" E | ||
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| Location | Unna | ||
| local community | Unna | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Unna | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Alter Hellweg colliery was a hard coal mine in Unna . The mine was also called Zeche Glückauf around 1858 . Until 1889, the mine was named after the Hellweg union , also known as the Hellweg mine .
history
The beginnings
Around the year 1750 the master Wieland came to Billmerich to look for a coal deposit . In 1801 coal seams were discovered near the Brockhauser Saline . In the first half of the 19th century mining activities took place in Unna-Billmerich. Prospecting work was carried out in Unna-Billmerich under the name of Zeche Billmerichsbank . The Hellweg trade union was founded in 1856. On March 19, 1856 , the Geviertfelder Billmerichsbank, Glücksborn, Neuer Hellweg, Maria and Unvermuthet consolidated into Alter Hellweg. In May of the same year, the first coal was extracted from a test shaft in Billmerich. From September coal for personal use was promoted. Bergbau-Aktiengesellschaft Hellweg was founded on September 16 with a share capital of 1,000,000 thalers. The Alter Hellweg union was then taken over by the Hellweg corporation. The mining claim at that time had an area of 1.05 km 2 .
Expansion of the mine
In 1857 the sinking work for two seigere shafts began. The transition to civil engineering should take place with these shafts . The first shaft was east south of today's Hertingerstraße Dortmund-Kassel motorway stated . The shaft was thus on the south wing of the Karoliner Mulde. The shaft was called Schacht Friederica (also Friedrich). The second shaft was called Gutglück shaft. It was set up in Unna-Billmerich in the area of today's Gutglücksweg. That same year, the well-luck reached at a depth the 12 meter carbon . At a depth of 54 meters (+ 76 m above sea level ), the weather bed was set to the south. Since only lean coal seams were exposed in the area of the two shafts, a third shaft was planned to be sunk at the station in 1857. With the help of this shaft, the mine operators hoped to get higher quality coal. On February 15 of the following year, the Friederica shaft sank. In April of the same year, work began on the Hellweg shaft. With the construction site of the shaft, the mine operators wanted to open up the hanging seam section of the Karoline colliery. In addition, they wanted to make an exploration in the mine field of the Schürbank colliery and Charlottenburg . The shaft was set up east of the Unna train station. The shaft was sunk to a depth of 12 1 ⁄ 2 puddles in marl . At this depth the sinking work was interrupted in order to install a water retention steam engine. In May of the same year the Friederica shaft was swamped . Then the sinking work was continued. At a depth of 46 meters, the shaft reached the carbon. Work also continued in the Gutglück shaft. At a depth of 75 meters (+ 55 m above sea level ), the weather sole facing north, the later midsole, was set. The building base was set at a depth of 137 meters (- 7 m above sea level ). The Billmerichsbank seam was loosened during the excavation . This seam was 26 inches thick . In October, the sinking work on Hellweg shaft was stopped at a depth of 25 meters. The reason for this measure were high water inflows. Due to financial difficulties, work on the Hellweg shaft was not resumed. In the same year, work began on sinking a broken shaft in the Maria seam in the Maria field. The shaft was sunk 2 3 ⁄ 4 pools and then 4 1 ⁄ 4 pools. At the shallow depth of 2 1 ⁄ 4 Lachter, an old, unknown tunnel was cut through. The first coal was mined in December of the same year.
The first years of operation
In 1859 the first level was set in the Friederica shaft and the alignment began. The cross passages to the north and south were driven. In the same year, the Gutglück mine started mining . The mining took place in a special trough south of the Karoliner Mulde. First of all, Nikolaus and the water bank were encountered here. The seams were up to 18 inches thick. Since the coal in the south wing was impure and soft, it was not extracted . In 1860 the midsole was set in the Friederica shaft at a depth of 141 meters (+ 2 m above sea level). Sole sites were excavated in the main seams rich in lump coal . For lack of money, the system at Unna train station remained out of order. In January of the same year, mining began in the Friederica mine. At that time the mine was part of the Unna mining area . A drainage machine was installed on the shaft . The construction site Friederika the main seam Karoliner about this year was cross-cuts on the weather sole and midsole Underlining ascended . The seam in this area was 56 inches thick and dipped 88 gons north. In the second half of the same year, the prepared pillars in the Gutglück area were dismantled. Then the robbery began . Operation in the Gutglück shaft was subsequently discontinued. The reason was the poor quality of the lean coal available there. The coals were very soft, and the proceeds from this type of coal were very low. In 1861 the shaft was closed due to geological disturbances. The shaft was filled in the 2nd quarter of the same year . In 1962 the jig work in the main seam was carried out in several construction departments. On the first underground level, the western main fault was approached with the western level location at a distance of 53 Lachter from the shaft .
On March 4, 1862, the mine consolidated into Alter Hellweg with the Geviertfeldes Erste Viertel, Friederica Wunsch, Herminenglück and Neuer Hellweg. The new Berechtsame covered an area of nine square kilometers. In the same year, the western sole location was driven to a length of 71 1 ⁄ 2 Lachter in a seam fault on the weather bed (50 Lachtersole) . The seam had strong fluctuations in thickness with irregular hanging walls . The seam also had soft coal. On May 29, 1863, the right to Eisenstein was awarded. The overlapping fields Gutdabei II and Grevel were excluded from this permit. In 1865, the second building level was set in the Friederica shaft at a depth of 237 meters (-94 m above sea level). In the same year, some jig work was carried out in the main seam. Only insignificant funding was provided this year. In addition, operations at the Friederica shaft were discontinued in the same year. The reasons for this measure were unclean coal and poor geological conditions. In the following years, the extensions for the Geviertfelder Herminenglück, Erstes Viertel and Friederica Wunsch were awarded. From 1867, operations at the Friederica shaft were resumed. In the fourth quarter the coal piers were dismantled and the shaft was closed. In the same year, search drillings were carried out in the Hellweg shaft area. In 1869 the shaft was partially filled and covered. In the same year, the search drilling in the Hellweg shaft area was discontinued without any results. On July 18, 1871, the resolution to liquidate the company was passed. The Bergbau-Aktiengesellschaft Hellweg was dissolved that same year. In 1889 the Malakoff tower at the Friederica shaft was demolished.
New beginning
At the turn of the century, the still living shareholders decided to put the company back into operation. On October 26, 1900, the Alter Hellweg trade union was re-established as the legal successor to the Hellweg mining company. The union then sold the mining assets to the deep drilling entrepreneur Wilhelm Deilmann. However, Deilmann did not act in its own interest, but on behalf of a banking group. In 1919 the Unna-Königsborn mine field was leased. On October 1st of the same year the sinking work for shafts 1 and 2 began. The shafts, also known as Otto shafts, were set up between today's streets of Hansa and Mühlenstraße. Shaft 1 was intended as a delivery shaft and shaft 2 as a weather shaft , while shaft 2 had no headframe . In 1920, shaft 1 reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 84 meters. The first level was set at a depth of 101 meters (- 15 m above sea level ) and the second level was set at a depth of 171 meters (- 85 m above sea level). In the same year, shaft 2 was penetrated with the first level . The pit field was divided into the fields of Alter Hellweg and New Hellweg. The Alter Hellweg field had an area of 7.8 km 2 , the Neuer Hellweg field an area of 3.4 km². The Neuer Hellweg field was given to the Mühlhausen union. In the same year the Alter Hellweg union was taken over by the Continental Caoutschouc and Guttapercha Compagnie. On June 27, 1921 , the Alter Hellweg colliery consolidated with the Unna-Königsborn mine into Alter Hellweg. At this point in time, the rights covered an area of 13.4 km².
The further operation
The mine was put into operation in 1921. A briquette factory was also put into operation. In 1924, the sinking work in shaft 1 continued and the shaft was sunk deeper. The third level was set at a depth of 263 meters (- 177 m above sea level). In 1928, a 1.4 km² field section of the Massener Tiefbau colliery was acquired. With this new acquisition, the rights now covered an area of 14.8 km². In 1930, the union Henry from Essen-copper rotating acquired the Kuxe the union Alter Hellweg. The Alter Hellweg union was initially run independently. In the mid-1930s, the old mine workings began to be swamped in the Friederica field . A break was made from the 3rd level to the 2nd Friederica building level. In addition, a die was made from the 3rd level and the 4th level was set at a depth of 407 meters (- 264 m above sea level). In 1934 an electricity supply contract was signed with VEW . In the following year, a separate power plant was put into operation. This power plant had an electrical output of 16 megawatts . In 1937 the sinking work for a pit die began. In 1938 the 4th level was set at a depth of 414 meters (- 328 m above sea level). In the same year the Friederica shaft was opened. At a depth of 18 meters (+ 125 m above sea level) a section was driven to the east. A fan shaft was sunk up to this distance at a distance of 85 meters. In December of the same year, the Friederica shaft was put into operation as a weather route . In 1939, the fifth level was set in the pit at a depth of 590 meters (-504 m above sea level).
In order to obtain another shaft, the sinking work for shaft 3 began in the same year. The shaft was initially started as a blind shaft. For this purpose, a die was created underground between the 1st level and the 3rd level in the area next to shaft 2. In 1941 the Caroline lease field was acquired. In 1943 the Friederica shaft was closed. In 1944 the sinking work for the Obermassen shaft began. The shaft was created as a break from the first level. The shaft was located about 100 meters southeast of the Dortmund / Unna motorway junction . However, the sinking work was stopped again and the shaft was not completed until 1946. The shaft reached up to the 1st level, next to the shaft there was a blind shaft on the 1st level that extended to the 3rd level. In 1947 the Friederica shaft was covered with a concrete slab. In January 1948 the Obermassen shaft was put into operation. In 1950 the sinking work for the Hillerich weather shaft began. The shaft was set up in Unna-Billmerich-Ringebrauk at Feldstrasse 52. In 1951 the shaft reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 20 meters (+ 102 m above sea level). In the same year, the remaining rights of the Massener Tiefbau colliery were acquired. With this acquisition, the rights holders now covered an area of 36.3 km². In 1952 the Hillerich weather shaft was penetrated with the third level. In the following year, the sinking work for shaft 3 began. The shaft was set up next to shafts 1/2 and sunk up to the blind shaft on the first level. In the same year the Hillerich shaft was put into operation. In 1955, mining began in shaft 3 .
The last few years until the shutdown
In 1957 the air shaft upper masses was abandoned and with a concrete slab covered . In order to open up the Massener Tiefbau field, boreholes for the Heide shaft were drilled in the field in October of the same year. In 1958, the sinking work for the Heide shaft began in Unna-Afferde. The shaft was set up east of the Unna-Kamen autobahn, 1.4 kilometers north of facility 1-3. A section of the 4th level was driven from the facility 1–3 to the Heide shaft. In 1959 the Heide shaft reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 122 meters (-53 m above sea level). On June 30 of the same year, the briquette factory was shut down. In 1960 the breakthrough took place with the 4th sole. The shaft was put into operation that same year. The first two levels were not set in the Heide shaft. From the 4th level a large borehole was created up to the 5th level. In October of the same year the swamp work began in the Massen field. For this purpose, several holes were made from the 4th level. In December the swamp work was stopped. On June 16, 1961, the production was stopped. On June 30 of the same year, the Alter Hellweg colliery was shut down. In the years 1962 to 1963, the daytime facilities were demolished and the shafts filled.
Promotion and workforce
The first known workforce figures come from 1858, when 116 miners were employed at the mine. The first production figures come from the year 1859, in that year 30,090 bushels of hard coal were mined with 83 employees . In 1867, 9978 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1921, 269 employees produced 52,247 tons of hard coal. In 1925, 669 miners extracted 142,100 tons of hard coal. In 1929 the production rose to 221,000 tons of hard coal. In 1935, 1170 employees produced 343,530 tons of hard coal. In 1938 the maximum production of the mine was achieved. With 1,448 employees, 476,670 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1945, 1064 employees produced 223,190 tons of hard coal. In 1950, 336,506 tons of hard coal were mined, the number of employees was 1490. In 1955, with 1963 employees, 370,890 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1960 there were still 1,568 employees on the mine, 354,494 tons of hard coal were extracted. These are the last known production and workforce figures for the mine.
Current condition
After the closure, several companies have settled on the former mine site at shaft 1/2/3 on Hansastraße, including a. a gear manufacturer, who uses the few remaining company buildings such as mews, administration, machine shop and workshops to this day. There are no more traces of the shafts themselves. At the Heide shaft in Afferde and on the Hillering shaft in Billmerich, some structures that are now privately used have also been preserved. Mining relics from the 19th century can also be found from the earlier systems of the Alter Hellweg colliery in the south of Unna. At the Friederica shaft, immediately south of Autobahn 44, there are old company buildings that have now become part of a farm. The former shaft house of the old Gutglück shaft in Billmerich was given a new use as a residential building early on and is likely to be unique of its kind in the eastern Ruhr area. Housing estates were built in the vicinity of this shaft. During routine examinations of the area in 2008, it was found that the backfill column from Schacht Gutglück no longer had sufficient stability. Several cavities had formed around the shaft, so it could not be ruled out that a daybreak could occur. In order to prevent a possible break in daylight, the area was filled with special concrete at a depth of 27 meters. In order to avoid the manhole breaking , the manhole was drilled and also secured with special concrete.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
- ↑ a b Jens Schopp: Consequences of mining in Billmerich . In: Westfälische Rundschau; Rundschau for Unna. No. 38, February 14, 2008
- ↑ a b c d e f Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Peter Voss: The mines in the Unna district. Picture chronicle of the mines Freiberg, Caroline, Massener Tiefbau, Alter Hellweg, Königsborn, Monopol, Haus Aden, Prussia, Victoria, Minister Achenbach, Hermann, Werne, Stollen- und Kleinzechen . Regio-Verlag, Werne 1995, ISBN 3-929158-05-1 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957
- ↑ a b c d Ministry of Trade and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and salt works in the Prussian state. Eighth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1860
- ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1858
- ↑ a b Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Seventh volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1859.
- ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Tenth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1862.
- ↑ a b c d Ministry of Trade and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and salt works in the Prussian state. Ninth volume, publishing house of the royal secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1861
- ↑ a b Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Eleventh volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1863.
- ↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Volume fourteenth, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1866
See also
Web links
- SPIEGEL article on the closure of the colliery (last accessed on May 13, 2013)