Victoria Colliery (Essen)

Victoria colliery
General information about the mine
Former company building under monument protection
Funding / year	1920: 145,253 tons
Information about the mining company
Employees	1920: 865
Start of operation	1861
End of operation	1925
Successor use	Carl Funke colliery
Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Hard coal
Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 23 '2.8 "  N , 7 ° 6' 56.1"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 23 '2.8 "  N , 7 ° 6' 56.1"  E
Location of the Victoria mine
Location	Byfang
local community	eat
Independent city ( NUTS3 )	eat
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany
District	Ruhr area

The colliery Victoria was a coal - mine in Deilbachtal in Byfang , since 1929 a district of Essen . The colliery arose from the consolidation of several mines.

history

Emergence

The first coal in the field of the later Victoria colliery was already mined in the 18th century. The Victoria colliery was founded in 1857, a result of the consolidation of several small mines. The larger ones were the friendship colliery in the Hattingen area - Niederbonsfeld to Niederwenigern , the Friedrich Anton colliery in Niederwenigern and the United Himmelskrone colliery in Niederbonsfeld. There are consolidation documents for these three mines from 1864, others date from 1861. Furthermore, the names of the Siegeswagen colliery , the Neuglück colliery and the Modesty colliery appear.

The economist Wilhelm Deilmann , whose family ran the Deilmannhof nearby, was a representative of the Victoria mine. The tonnlägige , eponymous bay Wilhelm was on the northern Ruhr heights and in 1890 drilled . Two more shafts followed in 1911 and 1912 down in the valley, which contributed significantly to the increase in production rates.

character

A colliery building was directly connected to the Prinz Wilhelm Railway by a track with a loading ramp about eighty meters away . In this building there was the tunnel mouth hole of a tunnel that runs under the Leberhofer Straße. The tunnel was driven almost straight into the mountain as early as 1847 and was connected to the surface via five weather shafts until 1887. There was also a building that housed a magazine and workshops. In 1885, for example, 19 employees mined 630 tons of coal. The character of a tunnel mine was lost after the tonnage Wilhelm shaft was sunk in 1890, where mining began in 1893. It was connected to the Prinz-Wilhelm-Bahn with the help of a chain conveyor system, where a laundry with a briquette factory was built for this purpose.

Weather chimney of the Wilhelm shaft

The weather chimney from 1890, which is still preserved today and made of Ruhr sandstone, was located exactly between the Wilhelm shaft and the colliery buildings. With its open fire in the weather furnace, the draft was pumped out of the shaft. After a fan that went into operation in 1911 was able to take on this task more effectively, the walls became superfluous.

After the Himmelscron Erbstollen was abandoned in 1894, civil engineering finally prevailed. As a result, the workforce at the Victoria colliery numbered 133 men in 1895, extracting 15,548 tons of coal. Five years later, production rose to 110,654 tons with 351 employees. Two more shafts directly at the briquette factory followed in 1911 and 1912, which again contributed significantly to the increase in the output. These shafts received a Tomson frame as a headframe. There was also a central machine house, a boiler house, further workshops and the now preserved chew and administration building from 1910, which is under monument protection.

The production rose in 1913 to 122,578 tons of coal with 510 miners. In the same year, the Wilhelm shaft was closed and filled six years later. The peak of coal production was reached in 1920 with a total of 145,253 tons and 865 employees.

Shutdown

With the first signs of the emerging global economic crisis , the Victoria mine was shut down in 1925. Other commercial enterprises settled in the buildings of the surface facilities. The headframe, a Tomson trestle that is very rare in the western Ruhr area , was dismantled in 1926 and placed on the newly sunk shaft 2 at the Carl Funke colliery in Heisingen . In 1950 the mine field was transferred to the Carl Funke colliery.

Current condition

In the 1960s and 1970s, many parts of the daytime facilities were demolished and the site leveled. The heap , which was heaped up between 1890 and 1925 and covered a former brook valley near the still-preserved weather chimney base of the Wilhelm shaft, is now mostly covered with coniferous wood. A second stockpile was created east of the daytime facilities on Kidneyhofer Strasse between 1914 and 1925 and is now partially forested in the lower area.

The existing company building, erected in 1910, and the six-meter-high weather chimney plinth from 1890 are today part of the Deilbachtal cultural landscape , which, along with other industrial monuments, is part of the Route of Industrial Culture . Both have been under monument protection since 1998 and 1989 respectively. The tunnel mouth hole of the tunnel, which was started in 1847, to the west near the existing company building, is now walled.

The railway of the Zeche Victoria ran over the also listed dog bridge , which is now a footpath and bike path. It was built in the course of the establishment of the Victoria colliery in the second half of the 19th century and was also used to transport stones from a quarry to the south. The bridge spans the Deilbach with quarry stone arches and the former Prince Wilhelm railway line in a steel framework.

A few meters north of the daytime facilities, on Kohlenstrasse, two former mountain officials' houses of the Victoria union are still inhabited.

The route of the former Prince Wilhelm Railway is now used as the Wuppertal-Vohwinkel – Essen-Überruhr line by S-Bahn line 9 .

On March 3, 2020 received ausgekuhlte pits, called were Pinge , the evidence of near-surface coal mines give as ground monument registered in the list of monuments of the city of Essen.

literature

• Hans Spethmann : The Ruhr Area - Volume 1 ; Berlin 1933; P. 128 ff.
• Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations ; Glückauf lawsuit; 1957; P. 161.
• Walter Sölter : The Victoria chimney in Essen-Byfang ; In: Excavations in the Rhineland '79; 1980; Pp. 313-320.
• Kurt Pfläging : The cradle of Ruhr coal mining. The history of the mines in the southern Ruhr area ; Glückauf lawsuit; Essen 1978; ISBN 978-3773902351
• Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 , 3rd revised and expanded edition. Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .

Web links

• Entry on Victoria colliery, complete system in Byfang in the database " KuLaDig " of the Rhineland Regional Association
• Description of all locations on this themed route as part of the Route of Industrial Culture

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Monument formerly Zeche Victoria with Himmelscroner Erbstollen. (PDF; 1.1 MB) In: List of monuments city of Essen. Lower Monument Authority, accessed on August 31, 2020 . 
2. ↑ Monument chimney plinth. (PDF; 399 kB) In: List of monuments city of Essen. Lower Monument Authority, accessed on August 31, 2020 . 
3. ↑ The Hundebrücke monument. (PDF; 579 kB) In: List of monuments city of Essen. Lower Monument Authority, accessed on August 31, 2020 . 
4. ↑ Dog bridge at the Zeche Victoria. In: The early mining of the Ruhr. Accessed August 31, 2020 . 
5. ↑ Ground monument. (PDF; 900 kB) In: List of monuments city of Essen. Lower Monument Authority, accessed on August 31, 2020 .