Monochrome ant pitta

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Monochrome ant pitta
Rufous Antpitta, Tapichalaca, Ecuador (5746102588) .jpg

Monochrome ant pitta ( Grallaria rufula )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Screeching Birds (Tyranni)
without rank: Tracheophonic shrieking birds (Furnariida)
Family : Ant pittas (Grallariidae)
Genre : Grallaria
Type : Monochrome ant pitta
Scientific name
Grallaria rufula
Lafresnaye , 1843

The monochrome ant pitta ( Grallaria rufula ) is a species of bird from the family of the ant pittas (Grallariidae). The species has a large range that includes the South American countries Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The monochrome ant pitta reaches a body length of around 14 centimeters and weighs around 38 grams. Its top is red-brown to chestnut-colored. The underside is a little lighter and turns yellowish brown in the middle and on the belly. A light ring runs around the eye.

distribution and habitat

The bird occurs in the scrub and on the ground of damp, moss-overgrown mountain forests. Here you can also see him in thick bamboo . Often you can spot it near rivers. The nominate form is present in the southwest of Venezuela in the east and west of the state of Táchira , in the northern part of the western Andes, the eastern and central Andes of Colombia via Ecuador to the extreme north of Peru. The subspecies spatiator is only found in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia. In the mountains of the Sierra de Perijá on the border between Venezuela and Colombia one can find the spp. saltuensis . As one can already guess from the name of the subspecies cajamarcae , its distribution area is in the south of the Peruvian region Cajamarca . The subspecies obscura is native to the central Andes of Peru to the south of the Junín region . In the southeast of Peru, in the southeastern part of the Cusco region , to the west of the La Paz department in Bolivia is the ssp. occabambae native. Finally, the subspecies cochabambae is found in the northern part of the Cochabamba department .

behavior

The birds, like other ant pittas, jump around on the ground looking for food. Especially when there is a disturbance, they retreat to branches and bushes at heights of up to approx. 2 meters above the ground. They can be observed individually or in pairs. Especially immediately before dawn, they also seek out open terrain. The goblet-shaped nests are made of grass, which they build in cavities about 75 centimeters high. Most of the time they only lay a turquoise egg.

Subspecies

Seven subspecies have been described, which differ mainly in their coloration:

  • Grallaria rufula rufula Lafresnaye , 1843 - nominate form
  • Grallaria rufula spatiator Bangs , 1898. Bangs initially described this subspecies as a separate species, Grallaria spatiator . It has a much shorter beak, but delicate feet than the nominate form. In addition, it is a little darker with a more matt brown. The chin is white. The flanks are umbra colored, the belly dirty white.
  • Grallaria rufula saltuensis Wetmore , 1946. Similar to the subspecies spatiator , but is more olive-colored than red-brown on top. Is a little lighter on the throat and stomach. The sides and tail covers are also a bit lighter. Due to the significantly different coloration, according to some authors, this could also be a separate species.
  • Grallaria rufula cajamarcae Chapman , 1927. Generally a little lighter than obscura . The top is more ocher to tan and less cinnamon brown.
  • Grallaria rufula obscura Berlepsch & Stolzmann , 1896. The upper body is more olive-colored and less reddish than in the nominate form. This difference is most evident on the forehead and the sides of the head. The wings and tail are a little longer.
  • Grallaria rufula occabambae Chapman , 1923. Described by Chapman under the name Oropezus cajamarcae . Closest to the obscura subspecies , but slightly paler on the underside. Browner and less cinnamon brown on top.
  • Grallaria rufula cochabambae Bond & Meyer de Schauensee , 1940. The upper side is dull olive colored, while the lower side is tan colored.

literature

  • Steven L. Hilty , William L. Brown: A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, 1986, p. 422, ISBN 978-0691083728 .
  • Steven L. Hilty, John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0691092508 , pp. 555f.
  • Thomas Schulenberg , Douglas F. Stotz , Daniel F. Lane: Birds of Peru. Princeton University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0691049151 , p. 384.
  • Robert S. Ridgely , Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide. Volume 1, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8720-0 , p. 530.
  • Robert S. Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide , Vol. 2, Cornell University Press, 2001, p. 442, ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7
  • Jon Fjeldså , Niels Krabbe : Birds of the High Andes: A Manual to the Birds of the Temperate Zone of the Andes and Patagonia, South America , Zoological Museum and Apollo Books, p. 412, ISBN 978-8788757163
  • Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux . In: Revue zoologique par la Société cuviérienne . tape 6 , 1843, pp. 97-99 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Outram Bangs: On some birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 12 , 1898, pp. 171-182 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Alexander Wetmore: New birds from Colombia . In: Smithsonian miscellaneous collections . No. 16 , 1946, pp. 1-14 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch, Jan Sztolcman, John Gerrard Keulemans : On the Ornithological Research of M. Jean Kalinowski in Central Peru . In: Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1896 . 1896, p. 322-388 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frank Michler Chapman : Descriptions of proposed new birds from Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia . In: American Museum novitates . No. 67 , 1923, pp. 1–12 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 1,3 MB ]).
  • Frank Michler Chapman: Description of new birds from northwestern Peru and western Colombia . In: American Museum novitates . No. 250 , 1927, pp. 1–7 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 626 kB ]).
  • James Bond, Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee: Descriptions of new birds from Bolivia. Part III. - Mesomydi [Mesomyodi] . In: Notulae Naturae . No. 44 , 1940, pp. 1-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Grallaria rufula in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010.2. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2009. Retrieved July 14, 2010.
  2. ↑ Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1843), p. 99.
  3. ^ Outram Bangs (1898), p. 177.
  4. ↑ Alexander Wetmore (1946), p. 4.
  5. ↑ Frank Michler Chapman (1927), p. 2.
  6. ^ Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch a. a. (1896), p. 385.
  7. ↑ Frank Michler Chapman (1923), p. 8.
  8. ↑ James Bond et al. a. (1940), p. 3.