Measuring vehicle (security)
The fire services and the Analytical Task Force use, partly for civil protection , different measuring vehicles security that are not standardized. Furthermore, there used to be special measuring vehicles from the warning offices as part of the federal German civil protection.
CBRN reconnaissance vehicle
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CBRN reconnaissance vehicle |
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| Vehicle data
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| Abbreviation: | CBRN ErkW |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/3/ 4 |
| Perm. Total mass : | 3500 or 4000 kilograms |
| Drive: | All-wheel drive (switchable) |
The CBRN exploratory vehicle (since April 1, 2014, CBRN ErkW ), formerly known as the ABC exploratory vehicle ( ABC-ErkKW ), is used in the context of disaster control and is procured by the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance and assigned to the countries that in turn it to assign to individual locations. The vehicle is the only ABC detection vehicle that was and is being procured nationwide. It is operated by four people (driver, driver and 1 measuring team ), has a selectable all-wheel drive and has a permissible total weight of 4.0 tons (before the upgrade in 2009 it was 3.5 tons). In addition, the Analytical Task Force also uses corresponding CBRN exploration vehicles, which were previously called ABC Exploration Vehicles 2 of the Analytical Task Force to distinguish them.
Technical jargon
In addition to the above official names, other, unofficial and sometimes fuzzy alternative terms for the CBRN exploration vehicle have established themselves in technical jargon and everyday language. The most common names include "ABC measuring vehicle" or "ABC explorer".
history
The first versions of an ABC explorer already existed in the 1970s .
| Procurement application number | Vehicle type | year | number of pieces |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1030 | VW 181 | 1972 to 1977 | 200 |
| 1118 | VW Kombi L, type 253 MC 2 | 1981 , 1982 | 286 |
| 1174 | VW panel van, type T3 Syncro 16 | 1989 | only prototype |
| 1033 | VW panel van, 70 × 1C Syncro | 1994 | only prototype |
| 1023 | Fiat Ducato Maxi L2B, 2.8 id TD | 1998 | 371 |
In the aftermath of September 11, 2001 , for fear of an attack with NBC weapons , 371 copies of this vehicle type were delivered at an accelerated rate in the Federal Republic of Germany.
After a fire in a vehicle accommodation, which an ABC reconnaissance vehicle fell victim to, 370 of these vehicles are currently still in use. These were increased in performance from the end of 2009; this was essentially limited to the equipment with technically up-to-date computer hardware and software, an adaptation of the radiological measuring system to the new measurement parameters in radiation protection and a changed routing of the sampling lines as well as an extended set for taking samples. In addition, a further 134 copies with an increased scope of services are to be purchased from 2014; In the course of this procurement, a reassessment of the individual locations and, if necessary, a relocation of vehicles to other locations are pending.
tasks
The tasks of the CBRN reconnaissance vehicle are:
- Detection of radiological and chemical contamination
- Identification of individual chemical dangerous and warfare agents
- Measure contamination levels with radioactive substances .
- Marking contaminated areas
- Support of other NBC service components of disaster control
- Sampling (air, soil, vegetation and water samples).
The main tactic in driving is what is known as limit measurement, i.e. H. the vehicle is driven in the direction of the scene of action until the danger threshold is reached. Then it is turned around and a new way of accessing the site is sought. This allows the contaminated area to be narrowed down. Direct entry into the danger area (e.g. possible with a tracer armor ) is only possible once due to the lack of occupant protection against ABC substances (see also the technology section ), as an extensive decontamination of the entire vehicle and its equipment would then be necessary.
If the measuring devices are removed from the vehicle (i.e. operated outside the vehicle), the measuring team can look for local sources of danger such as leaks while wearing appropriate protective clothing (e.g. chemical protective suit ).
Release orders
The CBRN reconnaissance vehicle is deployed either in the NBC defense component of the disaster control or under the responsibility of the (district) fire brigade. In disaster control operations, depending on the situation, he moves out with several additional CBRN reconnaissance vehicles and / or with vehicles that are also used for the defense against hazardous substances ( e.g. equipment trolleys for hazardous goods and equipment trolleys for decontamination personnel ). Often these vehicles are combined to form dangerous goods trains or ABC trains . When the fire department is in charge, the vehicle moves alone or as part of a standby, e.g. B. Environmental readiness, off; in this case, the fire brigade tactical principles are followed and not those of disaster control. The CBRN exploration vehicle is also used as a measuring vehicle in connection with the Analytical Task Force . This means, for example, that in fire brigade operations - in contrast to disaster control operations - additional personnel are required to provide a security team for use under respiratory protection.
technology
standardization
The vehicle is not DIN- standardized, but there is a specification with a loading plan from the Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief .
technical structure
The ABC exploration vehicles (version from 1998) were previously produced on the Fiat Ducato Maxi L2B, 2.8 id TD model with all-wheel drive . For cost reasons, it was decided not to protect the interiors of these vehicles from chemical, biological and radioactive agents, so that the crew must wear suitable protective clothing.
loading
There is extensive equipment on the emergency vehicle for the detection and analysis of atomic and chemical warfare agents as well as toxic industrial chemicals . In addition, the CBRN reconnaissance vehicle carries a sampling kit that the crew can use to take radiological, biological and chemical samples; It is possible to take solid, liquid and gaseous samples. Since devices for the quick and reliable detection of biological warfare agents were not commercially available at the time the design status was determined, the CBRN reconnaissance vehicle does not have this. All measuring devices can be operated while driving (at a maximum speed of 20 km / h ) as well as independently of the vehicle, i.e. removed.
- Extract from the loading list
| part | number |
|---|---|
| Photoionization detector | 1 |
| Ion-mobility spectrometer | 1 |
| Gas detection pump | 2 |
| Chemical protective suits | 2 |
| Dose rate meter | 1 |
| Dose rate warning | 1 |
| Stick dosimeter | 4th |
| Personal dosimeter | 4th |
| Radiological measuring device FH 40 G | 1 |
| Radiological measurement extension set | 1 |
| NBR probe | 1 |
| Navigation system (GPS) NAV 846 | 1 |
| Compressed air breathing apparatus | 2 |
| Breathing air bottle | 4th |
| Contamination detection device | 1 |
Implementation of operational exercises
Realistic operational exercises with the ABC exploration vehicle are only possible to a limited extent because the large-scale contamination that can be explored by the vehicle can hardly be represented without danger to the population, the emergency services and the environment. For realistic exercises, there are computer simulations that display measured values for assumed contamination on the screen in the vehicle.
Equipment trolley measurement technology
A related type of vehicle was developed to transport extensive equipment for measuring and sensing. This is called equipment trolley measurement technology (usually abbreviated GW-Mess ). The tasks include:
- Provision of extensive measuring equipment,
- Detection and determination of atomic, biological and chemical warfare agents and hazardous substances,
- Marking contaminated areas.
The vehicles are usually built in the form of delivery vans or small trucks and also carry adequate protective clothing. They are not standardized by the German Institute for Standardization . However, some federal states have developed special, standardized variants of the device trolley measurement technology. These include, for example, the GW-Mess of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate and the GW-Mess of the State of Thuringia , which were procured in the 1990s . In Rhineland-Palatinate, corresponding, comparable vehicles were apparently also procured as hazardous goods measuring troop vehicles ( Mef-G for short ).
Radiation detection equipment vehicle
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Radiation detection equipment vehicle |
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| Abbreviation: | GW-StrSpTr |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/2/ 3 |
| Perm. Total mass : | 3500 kilograms |
| Drive: | Road or four-wheel drive |
These radiation detection troop vehicles ( GW-StrSpTr ) are a development of the state of Hesse for use in radiation protection and in particular in connection with the Biblis nuclear power plant . These vehicles are stationed in every district in Hesse and are manned by the districts' GABC measuring groups. The main task is to monitor the environment for radioactive contamination after an incident and to provide radiation protection . Although the GW-StrSpTr only have equipment for the use of radiation protection in the country, this is usually supplemented by the GABC measuring groups with further measuring devices and equipment for the use of dangerous goods. Therefore, these vehicles can then be viewed as a special form of the above-described equipment trolley for measurement technology, which is only standardized in Hessen. There are currently 29 vehicles in the districts and urban districts as well as one vehicle at the Hessian fire brigade school in Kassel .
Measurement control vehicle / measurement control vehicle
The measuring control vehicle (abbreviated: MLW ) is a basically non-standardized fire service vehicle for the detection and determination of dangerous substances. The loading of the vehicle (including measuring devices, guide documents, radio, navigation aids, first aid equipment) depends on the respective location. If the vehicle complies with the DIN standard for command vehicles , it is also called command vehicle ABC in some places ( ELW-ABC ). The Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance is planning vehicles of the type CBRN measurement control component ( CBRN MLK ), formerly called measurement control vehicle , as part of the standardized additional assignments for CBRN locations. Measurement control vehicles are usually implemented in the form of minibuses or delivery vans, which makes them particularly fast. In this way, they can often find out about the situation before the hazardous goods train arrives. The control vehicle moves out as part of the ABC service and is the lead vehicle. From there, the train driver coordinates the deployment of the hazardous goods train or the ABC train. The tasks of the control vehicle therefore include:
- Detection and determination of atomic, biological and chemical warfare agents and hazardous substances,
- Marking contaminated areas,
- Driving CBRN reconnaissance vehicles and ABC units, in some places also dangerous goods trains ,
- Informing the population via intercom.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The abbreviation CBRN stands for chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards
- ↑ a b c BBK (2013): Supplement to the disaster control of the federal states for civil protection purposes; Designations (AZ .: III.6-569-00).
- ↑ a b c d e Federal Office of Administration / Central Office for Civil Defense (2003): Equipment set, loading plan and data sheet for ABC exploration vehicles - ABC ErkKW -
- ↑ Special vehicle for the fire brigade ABC measuring vehicle for special missions , in "Neue Westfälische" from February 8, 2013
- ↑ BBK: CBRN sampling
- ↑ see presentation tactics ABC of the BBK as of 2006 in particular p. 8f.
- ↑ BVA - Central Office for Civil Defense: The ABC exploration vehicle (ABC-ErkKW). A brief technical description.
- ↑ NBR stands for "Natural Background Reduction".
- ↑ Oliver Meisenberg, Stefan Sellmeier: ABC deployment: realistic exercises with the explorer simulation . In: BRANDSchutz . 12/2013, December 2013, ISSN 0006-9094 , pp. 957-959.
- ↑ Explorer simulation - realistic operational exercises with the ABC explorer .
- ↑ For example, Rhineland-Palatinate: Technical Guideline No. 7 of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate for a device car measuring technology (GW-Mess)
- ↑ NBC dangers: Vehicles Thuringia. In: www.abc-gefahren.de . January 23, 2013, accessed February 22, 2019 .
- ↑ A reference to such designations can be found on the page "Vehicles - Rhineland-Palatinate". Retrieved from: abc-gefahren.de .
- ↑ Hessian Ministry of the Interior and for Sport: KatSDV 510 HE. Evidence of hazardous substances and emergency sampling in the disaster control of the state of Hesse.
- ↑ Equipment of the radiation detection unit vehicle in Hesse, retrieved from: abc-gefahren.de
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Hessian Ministry of the Interior and for Sport )
- ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Hessian Ministry of the Interior and for Sport )
- ↑ cf. About the vehicle: Equipment concept: Task forces support the federal states with fire protection, support, CBRN protection and medical services
literature
- Article “ABC exploratory exercise” (the first), in: Magazin Bevölkerungsschutz , Edition 2/2003 / p. 18 ff., Available from: Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid, Bonn.
- Article “ABC exploratory exercise” (the second), in: Magazin Bevölkerungsschutz , issue 4/2004 / p. 21 ff., Available from: Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Aid, Bonn.
- Walter Hamilton: Handbook for the Firefighter. Boorberg-Verlag, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-415-01705-2 .