Eisenberg (Brilon Heights)
| Eisenberg | ||
|---|---|---|
| height | 596.2 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | near Olsberg ; Hochsauerlandkreis , North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Sauerland Senken ( Süderbergland ) | |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 22 '5 " N , 8 ° 31' 9" E | |
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The Eisenberg is 596.2 m above sea level. NHN high mountain of the Sauerland valley near Olsberg in the North Rhine-Westphalian Hochsauerlandkreis . It is often regarded as part of the Brilon Heights (southwestern foothills).
geography
location
The Eisenberg rises in the border area of the cities of Olsberg in the southwest and Brilon in the northeast. Its summit is 2.5 km northeast of the Olsberg town center and 4.5 km southwest of that of Brilon in the Olsberg district. The border between the two cities runs about 270 m east-northeast of the summit. To the north the landscape leads east past the Zwöllberg ( 587 m ) to the Kleiner Eisenberg ( 541 m ), to the east the Forstenberg ( 593.3 m ) joins, to the south the landscape falls into the valley of the Sitterbach with its hamlet Am Eisenberg and to the west into that of its small tributary Hellbecke.
Natural allocation
The Eisenberg belongs in the natural spatial main unit group Süderbergland (No. 33) and in the main unit Sauerländer Senken (335) to the sub-unit Oberruhrgesenke (335.0). To the north, the landscape in the main unit North Sauerland Oberland (334.7) and in the subunit Briloner Land (334.70) leads over into the natural area Briloner Kalkplateau (334.70).
Mountain height
The Eisenberg is 596.2 m high. According to an older German basemap from 2011, where the height was still specified as 594.9 m, its summit region has five hills above the 585 m contour line - sorted by height in meters (m) above sea level (NHN): Westanhöhe ( 594 , 9 m ; mountain peak), central hill ( 593 m ), south hill (approx. 592.5 m ), east hill ( 591.1 m ) and north hill ( 589 m ). Among other things, in earlier map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) the mountain height was given as 606.2 m ; However, this would not be the case with the contour lines recorded in the German basemap , none of which exceeds the 600 m mark on the Eisenberg. The current (2020) digital terrain model shows the 590 contour line more spacious than the basemap, but shows no point.
history
Iron has been mined on and in the Eisenberg since at least the middle of the 14th century. This was first done close to the surface on the ridge in two pinging pings up to 14 m deep and on the southwest flank of the Eisenberg in several pinging pits . In 1465, tithe income from mining there was mentioned in a document. In 1497 it was recorded that good ore could be extracted on the Eisenberg. In the 18th century, several tunnels were built that formed the Eisenberg mine , in which iron ore was mined until 1916.
Protected areas
On the southern flank of the Eisenberg lies the Eisenberg and Maxstollen nature reserve ( CDDA no. 329343; designated 2001; 9.39 ha in size), only one of the four tunnels in the former mine, namely the Maxstollen, being part of it; Most of it belongs to the ten-part fauna-flora-habitat area caves and tunnels near Olsberg and Bestwig (FFH no. 4616-304; 64 ha). The Frehnershohl nature reserve (CDDA no. 389737; 2007; 2.62 ha ) is located on the northern flank of the mountain . Parts of the landscape protection area (LSG) Olsberg (CDDA no. 555554922; 1984; 79.409 km² ) extend up to the south and west flank of the mountain , except for its south flank those of the LSG open landscape complex Olsberg-Ost (CDDA no. 555554926; 2004; 64.62 ha) and the LSG Hoppecke-Diemel-Bergland <landscape type A> (CDDA no. 555554573; 2001; 77.9064 km²).
The Maxstollen is an important wintering grounds for bats , especially for greater mouse-eared , whiskered bat and pond bat , with the stock of the year fluctuates slightly to year. The forest in the first-mentioned nature reserve consists mainly of old beech forest. There are some limestone rocks with rare crevice vegetation. Great spotted and gray woodpeckers breed . It is unclear whether the black woodpecker observed in the area breeds there. The eagle owls sighted in the nature reserve are likely to have their breeding area on the Bruchhauser Steinen .
literature
- Hochsauerlandkreis - Lower Landscape Authority, landscape plan. Olsberg, 2004
- Alexander Gorelik / Gero Steffens: Medieval to early modern mining on the Eisenberg von Olsberg in: Proceedings (old) Mining and Research in NRW 2012
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Topographical Information Management, Cologne District Government, Department GEObasis NRW ( information )
- ↑ a b c Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ LWL : ... Montaneschichte der Olsberger Hütte ... , by Reinhard Köhne (PDF; 2.39 MB)