Electric railways
Electric railways is a generic term that describes all track-guided, electrically powered traffic systems, but also specifically the types of electric locomotives and associated power supplies within a mixed-use traffic system. The term is formally a combination of the generic terms " electrical " and " railways " and is generally used in the professional world, as well as a department at some technical universities .
Factual catchment area
Within the scope of the electrical railways department, the operating systems and systems associated with the electrical drive and drive control are dealt with in the design and implementation . Primary vehicle technology components such as the chassis and brakes are only included in the material catchment area if they are related to the electrical drive or the available electrical energy, as is the case with electromotive single-axle drives or electrical magnetic rail brakes .
Since the electrical energy for driving partially deviates from the properties of the general energy supply network and has now assumed a large volume, especially in Central Europe, the company's own traction power supply technology, from the power station to distribution stations to the implementation of the overhead lines, is also a work area of the Electric Railways division.
Rail systems and vehicles involved
As included rail systems, there can be self-contained, purely electrically operated railways, as is the case in particular with trams , underground railways , elevated railways and monorails .
In the case of railways with mixed drive systems, locomotives that work with electrical energy such as electric multiple units and multiple units as well as electric locomotives also belong to the work area of the electric railways. In any case, because of the effort required for the power supply accompanying the route, there are electric traction vehicles in a mixed operating system in a comparable number as in purely electrically operated railway systems. Conversely, even in "purely electric" rail systems, there are also purely wagon-building components such as passenger and freight cars without their own drive. In this respect, a purposefully exclusive assignment of rail systems to the electric rail sector is rather impractical.
Some railway companies also use the generic name as part of their name, especially when the railway system cannot be explicitly assigned to the scheme of street, underground, suburban, elevated or S-Bahn trains, but has the electric drive as a prominent feature.
Examples:
- Electric railways for the city of Bonn and the Rhein-Sieg district
- Electric train from St. Gallen to Gais to Appenzell
- Electric train from Dornbirn to Lustenau
- Electric train from Türkheim to three ears of corn
- Electric local railway Unterach – See
- Electric small train Alt-Rahlstedt – Volksdorf – Wohldorf
- Electric train from Altona to Blankenese
- Electric overhead line Liesing – Kalksburg (trackless railway)
Technical and scientific department
The peculiarities of electrical rail operations can only be covered to a limited extent with knowledge of general electrical engineering and drive technology in a practical manner with higher demands and without recourse to practical experience acquired over many years. A separate specialist area in engineering training meets the expectations of both industry and potentially interested employees.
A first chair in the field of electrical railways was established in 1904 at the Technical University of Berlin and Walter Reichel was appointed to this chair as the first chair holder. He previously worked in the electrical engineering industry for 15 years . Accordingly, some technical universities and technical colleges continue to offer electric railways as a separate subject area:
- Technical University Dresden
- Technical University of Munich
- Technical University of Berlin , Department of Operating Systems for Electric Railways.
See also
- History of the electric drive of rail vehicles
- List of traction power systems
- Trackless electric train
literature
- Siegfried Altmann : Overhead line systems for electric railways - calculation bases. Self-published by S. Altmann, Leipzig 2014, ISBN 978-3-00-045375-5 , 251 pages, 22 annexes (textbook and workbook, content: http://profaltmann.24.eu) ./
- Siegfried Altmann: The reconstruction of the 15 kV overhead line network after 1945 in Central Germany. Self-published by S. Altmann, Leipzig 2013, ISBN 978-3-00-035817-3 (content: http://profaltmann.24.eu) ./
- Max Schiemann: Construction and operation of electric railways. Nabu Press, 2010, ISBN 978-1-143-75824-9 .
- Karl G. Baur: The electric local multiple units of the Deutsche Bahn. Ek-Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-88255-229-4 .
- Friedrich Kiessling, Rainer Puschmann, Axel Schmieder, Egid Schneider: Contact Lines for Electrical Railways. Publicis Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-3-89578-322-7 .
- Andreas Steimel: Electric traction vehicles and their energy supply. Oldenbourg Industrieverlag, Munich, 2006, ISBN 978-3-8356-3090-1 .
- Hartmut Biesenack, Gerhard George, Gerhard Hofmann: Energy supply for electric trains. Vieweg + Teubner, 2006, ISBN 978-3-519-06249-3 .
- Žarko Filipović: Electric railways: basics, locomotives, power supply. Springer-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-540-55093-8 .
- Siegfried Altmann: The electrical railway operation in the occupation zones, in the GDR and in the FRG - the overhead line construction after 1945. History of electrical engineering, volume 17. VDE-Verlag, Berlin / Offenbach 2002, ISBN 3-8007-2732-3 , p. 211-252 and with Georg Schwach: Dismantling command for the central German railway energy plants in 1946. eb-Elektro Bahnen 99 (2001), no. 3, pp. 130-135.
- Anton Schwaiger : Electric Railways. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1927 and Dumjahn Verlag, 1981.
- Siegfried Altmann: Contact lines. In: VEM handbook energy supply for electric railways. Verlag Technik, Berlin 1975, pp. 365-453.
- International Congress of Electric Railways. Association of German Electrical Engineers (VDE), specialist group for electrical railways. VDE publishing house, Berlin / Offenbach 1971.
- Siegfried Altmann: The sag behavior of modern composite catenary overhead contact lines for high speeds. In: Deutsche Eisenbahntechnik, Jg. 18, H. 12, 1970, pp. 583-585.
- Walter Deisler: Electric Railways: An Introduction to Technology and Operation. Maier, 1948.
- Franz Moeller: Electric Railways. Boness & Hachfeld, 1940.
- D. Otto Höring: Electric railways. Siemens manuals, Volume 15, ZDB -ID 634596-7 . Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1929.
- Hermann Zipp : Electric full-line locomotives for single-phase alternating current . Leiner, Leipzig 1915. - archive.org .
- Wilhelm Kübler (Ed.): Electric railways. In: Journal for all electrical transportation. Second year, with 472 illustrations and 24 plates. R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Berlin 1904. - archive.org .
- Wilhelm Kübler (ed.): Electric railways and operations. Journal for traffic and transport . Fourth year, with 900 illustrations and 6 plates. R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Berlin 1904. - archive.org .
- Hermann Zipp: Electric Railways. First volume, first part: The motor car. With 26 illustrations . Bookstore of the literary monthly reports, Berlin-Steglitz 1904. - archive.org .
- Karl Hochenegg : About the development of the electric railways. Lecture given on February 17, 1902 (...). In: lectures on electrical engineering. Journal of the Austrian Association of Engineers and Architects, Vienna 1903, pp. 54–64. - Full text online (PDF; 72 MB) .
- Franz von Krenn: About some electric railways in the German Empire . Waldheim, Vienna 1897. - archive.org .
Web links
- Encyclopedia of Railways: Electric Railways
Individual evidence
- ^ Archive of the TU Berlin
- ↑ Professorship Electric Railways - Electric Mobility on the Rails since 1879 .
- ↑ TU Munich, supplementary subjects subject no. ef235 - Electric Railways ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
