Emilie Winkelmann

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Emilie Winkelmann (born May 8, 1875 in Aken ; † August 4, 1951 at Gut Hovedissen ) was Germany's first freelance architect .

biography

Ottilie von Hansemann House (May 2013)
Leistikowhaus (March 2014)
Country house built in 1908 in Berlin-Westend, Lindenallee 21 (March 2014)
Landhaus "Zankapfel", Rosa-Luxemburg-Strasse 13 in Potsdam-Babelsberg (February 2021)

The daughter of a teacher learned the carpentry trade and was already working as a young girl in her grandfather's construction business, where she planned, among other things, renovations and new buildings. She later worked in various architectural offices in Berlin , Dortmund and Bochum . In 1902, although women in Prussia had no access to universities at the time, she was able to get admission to the TH Hannover as an exception . To this end, she had signed her application with E. Winkelmann . She financed her studies and livelihood by working in a drawing office. In 1906, however, she was not admitted to the state examination.

Winkelmann then went to Berlin, where she initially worked for a year in a construction firm. She then opened her own office as the first independent architect in Germany. In 1907 she won first prize in an architecture competition for a theater building with a ballroom on Blumenstrasse in Berlin . After the construction of the theater, which began in 1908, orders from wealthy builders for villas and country houses in Berlin, Babelsberg and Schleswig followed . According to their plans, a large urban apartment building, the Leistikowhaus (today in Berlin- Westend ) was built in Charlottenburg from 1909 to 1910 .

From 1910 to 1912 she carried out numerous projects on rural mansions in the Pomeranian province , including in Wundichow in the Stolp district and in Karwitz in the Dramburg district . In Wieck bei Gützkow she was commissioned by the von Lepel family to renovate their manor house , for which she received recognition in the magazine “ Bauwelt ” after its completion in 1912 . In Klein Kiesow she built a twelve-axle manor house. At the moated castle Mellenthin in 1912 she converted the existing horse and cattle stables into residential and farm buildings in a contemporary style. Around 1906 the manor house for the Booth family was built in Alt Necheln near Brüel .

In 1913 Emilie Winkelmann designed the "House in the Sun" on behalf of the "Cooperative for Women's Home Places" Neu-Babelsberg-Nowawes. The building in today's Hermann-Maaß-Str. 18/20 in Babelsberg was intended for single working women who were retiring but wanted to continue to live independently. In 1914 14 modern apartments with 1 to 3 rooms, a narrow kitchen, toilet, heated loggia, some with their own bathroom and central heating were built for them. The further development of the area was interrupted by the First World War and was not continued until 1928 by the architect Friedrich Lüngen.

One of Emilie Winkelmann's most important buildings is the Viktoria Study House , which was built from 1914 to 1915 under the protectorate of Empress Auguste Viktoria , and is now a monument in Berlin-Charlottenburg as the Ottilie von Hansemann House on Otto-Suhr-Allee . Externally adapted to the architecture of the late 18th century, this then unique residential and educational facility for Berlin students was based on the reformist ideas of the women's movement.

Due to a severe chronic hearing disorder since 1916, she later suffered from hearing loss and disorientation. After the First World War , she did not manage to continue her previous professional success. The New Building in the Weimar Republic was not in line with their experiences. She tried to catch up with the development, especially with projects in small apartment construction. It was not until 1928 that it was accepted into the Association of German Architects . Since she was not involved in party politics either in the 1920s or in the 1930s, there were no public contracts. The modernization of manor houses and mansions continued to play a major role in their work, but also new buildings, e.g. B. the in the 1920s built Nieden Castle that of Winterfeld near Pasewalk. From 1939 until its destruction in 1945, she worked on the renovation of Grüntal Castle near Bernau near Berlin .

At the end of the war she was able to stay with one of her client families at Gut Hovedissen near Bielefeld . There she devoted herself to rebuilding the estate and accommodating refugees and displaced persons until her death. Emilie Winkelmann was buried in the family grave in Aken.

The villas and country houses she designed are still considered to be remarkably modern today and are on a par with those of famous architects such as Alfred Messel and Hermann Muthesius . Many of the buildings designed by her, most of which were adapted to the individual needs of the residents, are now listed buildings.

In Babelsberg, a plaque from the FrauenOrte project in the state of Brandenburg in front of the "House in the Sun" designed by her in Hermann-Maaß-Str. 18/20, which today belongs to Bauverein Babelsberg eG, to Emilie Winkelmann.

literature

  • Sonia Ricon Baldessani: How women build. Architects. From Julia Morgan to Zaha Hadid. AvivA Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-932338-12-X , pp. 24–33.
  • Kerstin Dörhöfer: pioneers in architecture. A building history of the modern age. Wasmuth Verlag, Tübingen 2004, ISBN 3-8030-0639-2 .
  • Jürgen Schröder: Germany's first female architect. Emilie Winkelmann also built in Western Pomerania. In: Heimatkurier , supplement to the Nordkurier of July 24, 2006, p. 24.
  • Bettina Schröder-Bornkampf: Winkelmann, Louise Emilie . In: Eva Labouvie (Ed.): Women in Saxony-Anhalt, Vol. 2: A biographical-bibliographical lexicon from the 19th century to 1945. Böhlau, Cologne et al. 2019, ISBN 978-3-412-51145-6 , p. 442-445.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Leistikowhaus
  2. ^ Genossenschaftsforum eV (Ed.): Female paths in Potsdam housing cooperatives . edition arkadien, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-930075-38-6 , pp. 10-11 .
  3. ↑ Ottilie von Hansemann House. In: arch INFORM ; Retrieved December 1, 2009.
  4. ↑ BauNetz: Winkelmann continued to build - renovation and expansion of a historic residential building in Berlin by BSL Architects. January 21, 2021, accessed January 23, 2021 .
personal data
SURNAME Winkelmann, Emilie
SHORT DESCRIPTION first freelance German architect
BIRTH DATE May 8, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Aken
DATE OF DEATH 4th August 1951
PLACE OF DEATH Good Hovedissen