Emster Canal
Emster Emster Canal |
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Emster Canal in Nahmitz |
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Data | ||
Water code | EN : 5854 | |
location | Potsdam-Mittelmark district , Brandenburg an der Havel , Brandenburg , Germany | |
River system | Elbe | |
Drain over | Havel → Elbe → North Sea | |
source | At Rädel in Lehnin Monastery 52 ° 17 ′ 21 ″ N , 12 ° 44 ′ 36 ″ E |
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muzzle | at Klein Kreutz in the Havel coordinates: 52 ° 25 ′ 30 ″ N , 12 ° 37 ′ 39 ″ E 52 ° 25 ′ 30 ″ N , 12 ° 37 ′ 39 ″ E |
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Mouth height |
28.5 m above sea level NN
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length | 20.9 km [1] | |
Catchment area | 224.99 km² [2] | |
Communities | Lehnin Monastery |
The Emster Canal, or Emster Waters , is the canal-like river Emster , the lake stretches over the Lehniner Klostersee , the Netzener See and the Rietzer See as well as the artificially created canal sections between today's municipality of Kloster Lehnin and the Havel in the area of the city of Brandenburg denotes the Havel .
Geographical location
The upper reaches of the Emster Canal lies in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district on the northern edge of the Zauche . The length of the Emster from the source to the mouth is given as 20.9 kilometers. The state waterway is 15.67 kilometers long. The Emster waters have only a slight gradient. On average, they are 29 meters above sea level and when coming from the south they flow into the Untere Havel waterway at 51.70 km across from the village of Klein Kreutz in Brandenburg an der Havel.
course
The Emster begins directly at the village of Rädel south of Lehnin. After passing through several smaller lakes, it flows into the Lehniner Klostersee from the south. Instead, the Emster Canal begins blind a little further west in Lehnin in a basin-like widening that was used to sweep earlier barges. The canal runs north. The first section of the canal is spanned by two smaller bridges and opens after about 1.6 kilometers in the southwestern area of the Klostersee. In the further course, a short section of canal connects the Klostersee with the Netzener See through the village of Nahmitz . This part of the canal is crossed by the federal motorway 2 and a local road. The third section of the canal connects the Netzener with the Rietzer See. A small bridge in the course of a dirt road spans this section and is mainly used for agricultural vehicles.
The last canal-like section of the Emster waters is about 5.8 kilometers long and runs from the Rietzer See to the Havel. It is spanned by four bridges. These are also a small bridge for agricultural vehicles, a railway bridge on the Berlin – Magdeburg railway line , a bridge on Bundesstraße 1 and another small bridge just before the estuary. The mouth of the Emster Canal lies in an old meander , the Krummen Havel. The biological water quality of the Emster is given as quality class III over its entire length . The river is considered to be heavily polluted.
Landeswasserstraße
The Emster waters are a state waterway in the state of Brandenburg. It begins at the Lehnin road bridge on Landesstrasse 86 (L 86). According to the Landesschifffahrtsverordnung, the Emster waters include the Klostersee, the Strenggraben, the Netzener See, the Rietzer See, the canal pieces and the remains of the river. This also includes the Emster hose peat stitch lake. The waters may only be used by smaller sport boats. The Landesschifffahrtsverordnung (LSchiffV) applies. The average water depth in the fairway is barely more than a meter. The clearance height of the bridges is a maximum of three meters. All named waters are connected to one another without locks .
bridges
Eight bridges cross the Landeswasserstraße, starting in Lehnin and heading north.
number | km | photography | Name of the bridge / place | Remarks | location |
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Map with all coordinates of the bridges: OSM | WikiMap | |||||
1 | approx. 16.20 | Road bridge Lehnin Kloster Lehnin |
Landesstrasse 88, Bahnhofstrasse | cards | |
2 | 12.80 | Road bridge in Nahmitz Kloster Lehnin , OT Nahmitz |
Alte Göhlsdorfer Straße over the Emster Canal. | cards | |
3 | 12.10 |
BAB 2 Kloster Lehnin, OT Nahmitz |
Bridge of the Bundesautobahn 2 over the Emster Canal. | cards | |
4th | 10.00 | Bridge north of the Netzener See Kloster Lehnin, OT Netzen |
Agricultural bridge between the Netzener See and the Rietzer See in the Rietzer See nature reserve . | cards | |
5 | 5.50 | Bridge north of Lake Rietz Lehnin monastery, OT Rietz |
Agricultural bridge north of the Rietzer See. | cards | |
6th | 2.20 | Railway bridge Brandenburg an der Havel , OT Gollwitz |
Railway line Berlin – Magdeburg | cards | |
7th | 2.02 | Road bridge near Gollwitz Brandenburg an der Havel, OT Gollwitz |
Bundesstrasse 1 | cards | |
8th | 0.45 | Road bridge Havelufer Brandenburg an der Havel, OT Gollwitz |
Agricultural way | cards |
Emergence
The abundance of water in the area around Lehnin is a result of the last ice age . Originally, the entire region was swampy or partially covered with water. Natural changes in the groundwater level and the renovation work of the settling population under the guidance of the monks of the Cistercian monastery have a large part in the current appearance of the landscape. Some lakes, such as the Klostersee, the Netzener See and the Rietzer See, are of natural origin. But the origin of the name of the Emster already anticipates the later expansion. The name can be traced back to Germanic Amistra from Indo-European am- meaning river bed, ditch.
After an earlier arm of the Havel silted up more and more, the Emster Canal began to be built in the 19th century to enable the transport of bricks by water to the Havel. The Emstaler hose and the waiter Fenn were used for peat extraction in the 1880s and were created that way. There are also lakes that were formed by clay mining for brick production. This includes the dream lake and the holes in the earth in nets. Clay used to be mined there and transported by wagon to the brickworks on the outskirts of Netzen. The Emster waters received their almost present-day form in the period from 1866 to 1872. A cooperative of brickworks owners at the time promoted the construction of a navigable waterway between the Klostersee and the main Havel waterway. Two brick factories were mentioned in the village of Nahmitz at that time. The canalized sections were created through new installations. Some of them were dug in a straight line through the flat meadow landscape on the northern edge of the Zauche. The existing small flatland river Emster was included in the expansion. Its banks were fortified and it was partially deepened. This waterway was needed for the economical transport of wood , peat and bricks . With the introduction of the ring furnaces , the production figures increased dramatically. These bricks were then transported in large quantities on the Emster Canal by ship to the Havel and further to the former royal cities of Potsdam and Berlin , among other places . In return, large quantities of coal were brought to the brickworks for the burning process. Large amounts of peat were also cut and shipped to developing cities as inexpensive fuel. Just 30 years after its expansion, the canal lost its importance, as the Lehniner Kleinbahn took over a large part of the freight transport. Only short sections of the old river Emster have been preserved in the area of the canal-like expansion. About one kilometer west of the current estuary, the former estuary into the Havel can still be seen today.
The lakes
Klostersee
The Klostersee near Lehnin extends between Lehnin and Nahmitz. It covers an area of 38 hectares and is on average 29 m above sea level. NN . In the middle it has a depth of 4 to 6 m.
Netzener See
The Netzener See is a typically eutrophic lake in this post-glacial landscape. It is about 2.4 km long and at the widest point between the districts of Netzen and Trechwitz about 1100 meters wide. Its narrowest point is barely 250 meters. The average depth is 2 m. The banks are lined with reeds and there is only one point where it is easily accessible. There is a swimming area and the landing stage for a small passenger ship. Unexplained nutrient input into the water has led to an increased blue-green algae bloom and thus to a deterioration in the water quality.
Rietzer See
The Rietzer See is a eutrophic flat lake about 4 kilometers long and an average water depth of 80 centimeters. It is called the heart of the Emster waters and is crossed by the Emster Canal. Its pure water surface has a size of 450 hectares. The lake is bordered by wide areas of reed beds. In front of these is an extensive floating leaf belt. The plateau of the Lehniner Land (Zauche) towers over the lake up to twenty meters in the south and east. It is gently sloping and directly approaches the silting area of the water. In the northeast, the Holzberg extends directly to the lake and forms a high bank.
Rietzer See nature reserve
The Rietzer See nature reserve is a 1,133.6 hectare nature reserve (NSG) in the state of Brandenburg . The NSG is located about six kilometers southeast of the city of Brandenburg an der Havel and about 24 kilometers west of Potsdam . The area has been a bird sanctuary since 1997 and a nature reserve since 2000.
See also
Literature and maps
- Hans Joachim Uhlemann: Berlin and the Märkische waterways. transpress publishing house for traffic, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-344-00115-9 , p. 175.
- Berlin and Brandenburg waters. Nautical Publications Verlagsgesellschaft, Arnis Edition 2005/2007, ISBN 3-926376-10-4 , pp. 16 and 28. (Sportschifffahrtskarten Binnen 1)
- Theodor Fontane: Walks through the Mark Brandenburg . Part 3: Havelland. (1st edition 1873.) Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, Munich 1971, ISBN 3-485-00293-3 .
Web links
- Protected area profile NABU , accessed on February 19, 2019.
- The Emster Canal in Lehnin (PDF file; 2.0 MB) accessed on February 19, 2019.
Individual evidence
- ^ Map of surface waters of the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, sub-area northwest ( Memento from August 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 5.0 MB). accessed on October 16, 2013.
- ↑ State Shipping Ordinance of the State of Brandenburg, Annex 1
- ↑ Jürgen Udolph : onenological studies on the German problem. Sieboldshausen 1993, p. 247.
- ↑ Nahmitz. on the website of the municipality of Kloster Lehnin