Marsh willowherb

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Marsh willowherb
Marsh willowherb (Epilobium palustre)

Marsh willowherb ( Epilobium palustre )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Myrtle-like (Myrtales)
Family : Evening primrose family (Onagraceae)
Subfamily : Onagroideae
Genre : Willowherb ( epilobium )
Type : Marsh willowherb
Scientific name
Epilobium palustre
L.

The marsh willowherb ( Epilobium palustre ) is a species of the genus willowherb ( Epilobium ) within the family of the evening primrose family (Onagraceae). It is widespread in the northern hemisphere .

description

illustration
Flower from the side and hairs ( indument )
Four-fold, radial symmetry flower in detail

Vegetative characteristics

The marsh willowherb is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 70 centimeters. The simple or sparsely branched stem is round, rarely provided with two weakly sloping lines, glabrous below, hairy above, or seldom somewhat glandular. There are subterranean, reddish-colored, up to 10 centimeters long runners , which are covered with a few scattered, opposite, scale-shaped lower leaves .

The most stems opposite, rarely lively arranged leaves are usually shorter than the internodes . The simple leaf blade is oblong-lanceolate to linear-oblong, 15 to 60 millimeters long and 3 to 15 millimeters wide, blunt in front, with a wedge-shaped base and at most the lower ones are petiolate. The leaves are usually slightly bent at the edge, glabrous or hairy around the middle nerve and downy on the edge. The lowest are mostly dried up during flowering.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period is between July and September. The flower buds are nodding. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry , four-fold with a long tube; they are funnel-shaped and 3 to 8 millimeters in size. The four pink flowers petals are ausgerandet wide. The scar is undivided and club-shaped.

The capsule fruit is initially finely haired, later balding and almost only hairy on the four edges. The seeds are narrow, elongated, 1.5 to 2 millimeters long, narrowed at both ends and with a short appendage at the tip. The seed coat is thick warty.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

Occurrence

The distribution area of Epilobium palustre extends across Europe to East Asia , North America and Greenland .

In the Bavarian Alps, the marsh fireweed rises to Oberdorfer up to an altitude of 1490 meters, but after Dörr and Lippert in the Allgäu on the Zwerenalpe near the Kanzelwand up to 1790 meters.

The marsh willowherb grows in lime-free bogs and swamps, on ditches and in wet meadows on oozing, cool, nutrient-rich, neutral to moderately acidic, swamp humus soils . It thrives in Central Europe in societies of the Caricion fuscae, the Cardamino-Montion, also in the Calthion and is here a differential species of the association Epilobio-Juncetum effusi.

Common names

For the marsh willowherb , the other German-language trivial names exist: Bachrösle ( Augsburg ), Kattstart ( Pomerania ), Rapuntzel ( Silesia ) and Schlosskraut ( Württemberg in der Baar ).

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 , p. 477 .
  • Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 2: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (2) (Cactaceae - Cornaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1966, ISBN 3-489-74021-1 , p. 839–842 (unchanged reprint from 1926 with addendum). (Sections Description and Distribution)
  • PH Raven: Epilobium L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 310 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  685 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching near Munich, 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 251.
  3. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 140. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Willowherb ( Epilobium palustre )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files