Deer epizootic hemorrhage

The Epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer is a viral disease that mainly mule and white-tailed deer attacks and classic course with heavy bleeding accompanied (bleeding). Other deer and ruminants ( cattle , buffalo , antelope ) can be infected by the virus , but rarely develop symptoms . The disease occurs in North America , Africa, and Asia . The enzooticIn Germany, hemorrhage is one of the notifiable animal diseases , but has never occurred here. Man is not susceptible to the disease.

Pathogen

Epizootic Hemorrhage Virus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses Area : Riboviria Empire : Orthornavirae Phylum : Duplornaviricota Class : Resentoviricetes Order : Reovirals Family : Reoviridae Subfamily : Sedoreovirinae Genre : Orbivirus Type : Epizootic Hemorrhage Virus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : dsRNA linear, segmented Baltimore : Group 3 Symmetry : icosahedral Cover : no
Scientific name
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus
Short name
EHDV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 40054 ICTV Taxon History: 201854884

The causative agent of epizootic hemorrhage is the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) from the genus Orbivirus from the family Reoviridae . At least eight serotypes can be distinguished. It is transmitted by stinging and biting insects (in North America especially Culicoides variipennis ).

Usually only mule and white-tailed deer fall ill. One of the virus strains, the Ibaraki serotype found in Southeast Asia , causes a disease similar to bluetongue (also caused by a reovirus) in cattle .

Clinical picture

Epizootic hemorrhage can be peracute, acute, chronic or subclinical .

The peracute course is accompanied by severe edema of the head (including the tongue and conjunctiva ) and neck and is quickly fatal. Lung edema can be demonstrated pathologically and anatomically , but only rarely bleeding.

The acute form is characterized by high fever, unwillingness to eat , heavy bleeding in the heart , rumen and intestines. There are also ulcerative changes on the tongue, gums , rumen and abomasum . As a result of the bleeding, cyanosis develops , which can be seen, among other things, by a blue discoloration of the tongue.

The chronic form is lameness .

diagnosis

Clinically, the disease is indistinguishable from bluetongue, so isolation and identification of the virus is necessary. The virus can be grown in cell cultures. It can be detected by immunofluorescence in frozen sections of affected tissue .

According to the applicable EU law (Official Journal No. L 208 of 10/06/2004, p. 0032-0046), the AGID test is required in the event of suspicion , and a competitive ELISA is also required in the event of a positive result .

Combat

There are no practicable control measures. The animal disease is notifiable in Germany.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Animal Disease Report 2011 by the BMELV . In: Deutsches Tierärzteblatt. (DTBL) Volume 60, May 2012, pp. 714–715.
2. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b v1 MSL # 34, Feb. 2019
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} ICTV: Bluetongue virus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !