Pond horsetail

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pond horsetail
Pond horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile)

Pond horsetail ( Equisetum fluviatile )

Systematics
Ferns
Class : Equisetopsida
Order : Horsetail (Equisetales)
Family : Horsetail Family (Equisetaceae)
Genre : Horsetail ( Equisetum )
Type : Pond horsetail
Scientific name
Equisetum fluviatile
L. emend. Honor

The pond horsetail or mud horsetail ( Equisetum fluviatile , syn .: Equisetum limosum ) is a species of the genus horsetail ( Equisetum ). It is common in Eurasia .

description

The pond horsetail is a perennial plant and reaches heights of 30 to 120, rarely up to 150 centimeters. Fertile ( sporangia-bearing ) and sterile shoots are designed the same, always green, and appear at the same time. The smooth or slightly rough stems have a diameter of up to 8 millimeters and no protruding ribs, just grooves. The central stem cavity takes three quarters to nine tenths of the stem diameter. The scion is unbranched or simply branched. The stem leaf sheaths are tight, are shiny green and have 10 to 30 black, narrow, white-skin-edged teeth. The spore ear is located on initially unbranched, then branched, blunt, green sprouts, after the spore ripening it dries up and falls off (more rarely the whole stem then wilts). The terminal sporangial ear is obtuse (egg-shaped) and 10 to 20 millimeters long. The spores ripen in May and June.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 216.

Possible confusion

The pond horsetail ( Equisetum fluviatile ) can be confused with the marsh horsetail ( Equisetum palustre ). Like Equisetum palustre , Equisetum fluviatile can cause poisoning in cattle. In addition, the pond horsetail hybridizes with the field horsetail ( Equisetum arvense ); this hybrid is also known as the horsetail ( Equisetum × litorale ).

ecology

The pond horsetail is a cryptophyte and a water or bank plant .

Distribution and locations

The pond horsetail is circumpolar in Eurasia in meridional to boreal areas. In Austria it occurs scattered in all federal states, in the Pannonian area it is endangered. In Switzerland , the classification on the southern flank of the Alps is endangered ( vulnerable ) and in the western central Alps as potentially endangered ( near threatened ). In Germany it is considered endangered in Berlin .

The pond horsetail grows in reed beds , swamps , on banks, in large sedge areas , often in shallow flooded locations. It often occurs in societies of the order Phragmitetalia or the association Caricion lasiocarpae. It occurs from the planar to the subalpine altitude level at altitudes of up to about 1500 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on the Middle Biberalpe south of Einödsbach in Bavaria up to 1670 m above sea level.

  • Pond horsetail in the stock

  • Young, unbranched shoots

  • Guttation at the tip of the shoot

  • Sporangia ears

Common names

The following German-language trivial names exist or existed for the pond horsetail : Ahnwop ( Bremen ), Brackbeen, Hollpiepen ( Ostfriesland ), Katzenschwamm ( Switzerland ), Negenkne ( Norddithmarschen ), Preibusch ( Leipzig , Memmingen ), sheep hay and Wasserschlutten (Memmingen).

supporting documents

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our moss and fern plants. 10th edition, Franckh-Kosmos-Verlags-GmbH, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-440-06700-9 .
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  64 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 104.
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 142. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Pond horsetail ( Equisetum fluviatile )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files