Erik Pauelsen

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Erik Pauelsen: Self-portrait (oil on canvas) from 1776

Erik Pauelsen (born October 14, 1749 in Bygom, North Jutland , † February 20, 1790 in Copenhagen ) was a Danish draftsman, engraver and painter. After a more or less conventional creative phase, Pauelsen became revolutionary in his representations towards the end of his life when he discovered the north and depicted the natural landscape of Norway in a few paintings, watercolors, engravings and countless drawings. In a time that was almost exclusively focused on the south and especially Italy, he was a pioneer who showed a new path for his and subsequent generations of painters.

Life

Ove Malling , portrait (oil on canvas), around 1780
Lambert Krahe , portrait (oil on canvas), 1781

The municipality where Erik Pauelsen was born (probably illegitimate) has been called Vesthimmerland since 2007 . His talent for drawing, which finally opened his way out into the world, must have shown itself to him very early on. In his first creative period, he seems to have painted the interior of houses in his homeland.

Erik Pauelsen began studying at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen around 1770 . He soon socialized in artistic circles there - probably a lot among actors - and over the years he also got to know many influential citizens in the Danish capital. Erik Pauelsen completed his education in 1777 and in April of the same year he married Anna Elisabeth Lobeck.

In the next few years Erik Pauelsen carried out a wide variety of works: Mainly painted and engraved portraits, oil paintings with depictions of Danish history and landscapes using all techniques. In his portraits at the time, the influence of Vigilius Eriksen (1722–1782) and in the landscapes of Aelbert Jacobsz. Cuyp (1620–1682) can be recognized. He has also illustrated the book Store og gode Handlinger af Danske, Norske og Holstenere (Great and good acts of some Danes, Norwegians and Holsteiners) by the Danish historian Ove Malling (1748–1829). (A translation of the book was also published in Germany in 1779.)

In 1780, Erik Pauelsen received a scholarship for a trip that took him over the next three years via Hamburg to Düsseldorf (1781), Paris (1782) and Rome (1783), from where he continued in the same year, a. a. via Dresden and Berlin , returned to Copenhagen. During the trip he became a member of several art academies. In Paris he saw works by Claude Lorrain (1600–1682) and perhaps even met Claude Joseph Vernet (1714–1789), as he did later in Rome with Angelika Kauffmann (1741–1807). In Dusseldorf Erik Pauelsen created a striking image, a very mature work already, when he saw the then director of the Düsseldorf Art Academy , Lambert Krahe (1712-1790), portrayed. Erik Pauelsen did not seem to have inspired any painting of the Italian landscape ; he does not even seem to have made any drawings there.

Moltke's Palais (in Copenhagen), painting, 1785

After his return he soon became a member of the Copenhagen Art Academy, but not, as he had expected, appointed professor and court painter, which of course must have disappointed him a little. In the work over the next few years, the impressions of his trip do not seem to have had much impact. From 1785 to 1786 he painted the interiors of a manor house north of Copenhagen. He chose the motifs for his depictions from the surrounding landscape. And at some point around this time he must have slowly got the idea to go to Norway to discover and depict the landscape there.

Hoffossen , watercolor (pen and ink on paper), 1788
Sarpsfossen , painting (oil on canvas), 1789

In the course of the year 1787 Erik Pauelsen succeeded in winning the Danish court for his Norway idea and in addition to travel money etc. a. a printing press also provided. In 1788 he then traveled to southern Norway, where many drawings, a few watercolors, prints and maybe even paintings were made, often in a state of intoxication. Because of his early death, he was unable to complete this Norway album, but what had been created up to then already indicated that it would have been a remarkable work.

Erik Pauelsen is said to have brought exactly a hundred drawings with him from his Norwegian trip, some of which were later reproduced in aquatint etching by the German painter and engraver Heinrich August Grosch (1763–1843) . In the successor to Erik Pauelsen, the Danish painter Christian August Lorentzen (1749-1828), who knew Pauelsen's work as a teacher at the art academy in Copenhagen and thus probably also visited Norway in 1792, later took a wide variety of Norwegian views of nature Techniques created and published. The Norwegian painter Johan Christian Clausen Dahl (1788–1857), who studied with Lorentzen in Copenhagen and later achieved the greatest impact by depicting Norwegian landscapes, was certainly known to Pauelsen's work. In addition, Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840), who was also a student of Lorentzen, will certainly have seen pictures of Norway (and others) in Copenhagen Pauelsen and have been impressed by them; In any case, influences from Erik Pauelsen can be proven in some of his works.

Pauelsen passed away voluntarily in Copenhagen in February 1790.

literature

  • Thea Vignau-Wilberg: Late Classicism and Romanticism: Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Neue Pinakothek, Munich; full catalog . Hirmer Verlag, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-7774-8520-9
  • Lars Olof Larsson : Paths to the South • Paths to the North: Essays on art and architecture. Ed .: Adrian von Buttlar, Ulrich Kuder, Hans-Dieter Nägelke. Ludwig, Kiel 1998, ISBN 3-9805480-9-0 .
  • Olaf Klose , Lilli Martius : Scandinavian landscape pictures. German artist trips from 1780 to 1864. Wachholtz, Neumünster 1975, ISBN 3-529-02513-5 .
  • Torsten Gunnarson: Nordic Landscape Painting: In the Nineteenth Century. Yale University Press, New Haven 1998, ISBN 0-300-07041-1 .
  • Linda Siegel: Caspar David Friedrich and the Age of German Romanticism. Branden, Boston 1978, ISBN 0-8283-1659-7 .
  • Erik Pauelsen . In: Christian Blangstrup (Ed.): Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon . 2nd Edition. tape 18 : Nordlandsbaad – Perleøerne . JH Schultz Forlag, Copenhagen 1924, p. 986 (Danish, runeberg.org ).

Web links

Commons : Erik Pauelsen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ October 2nd is also possible as a date of birth.
  2. ^ After Lars Olof Larsson .
  3. ↑ After Lars Olof Larson
  4. ↑ Further teachers of Friedrich were there Jens Juel (1745-1802) and Nikolai Abraham Abildgaard (1743-1809).
personal data
SURNAME Pauelsen, Erik
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pavelsen, Erik; Poulsen, Erik; Пауэльсен, Эрик
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Danish draftsman, engraver and painter
DATE OF BIRTH October 14, 1749
PLACE OF BIRTH Bygom , North Jutland
DATE OF DEATH February 20, 1790
Place of death Copenhagen