Ernst (Schaumburg)
Count Ernst zu Holstein-Schaumburg (born September 24, 1569 in Bückeburg ; † January 17, 1622 ibid) was the ruling Count of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg from 1601 . In 1619, after a substantial "loan" was paid to Emperor Ferdinand II , he was raised to the rank of prince .
Ernst was one of the most important Schaumburg rulers and a great patron of the arts, for whom some of the best artists of his time worked. Furthermore, he promoted the economy of his country, reformed the church and administration and became the founder of the university. One of his most important decisions was to relocate the residence from Stadthagen to Bückeburg.
Life
Childhood and upbringing
Ernst was the only son of Count Otto IV of Schaumburg and Holstein († 1576) from his second marriage to Elisabeth Ursula of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . Because he had four half-brothers from his father's first marriage, Ernst had no prospect of an independent government for a long time.
He was brought up first by his mother, who let him attend the Latin school in Stadthagen and from 1584 to 1586 made it possible for him to study law at the University of Helmstedt . After his mother's death in 1586, his half-brother, Count Adolf XIV. Of Holstein-Schaumburg, who had ruled since 1581, neglected Ernst's further training for financial reasons. So Ernst grew up in Detmold at the court of his brother-in-law, Count Simon VI. to the lip , one of the guardians appointed from the relatives. In 1589 his guardian sent him on educational trips for a year , during which he got to know the art and culture of Italy and the Netherlands. From 1593 to 1594 he had the opportunity to visit Emperor Rudolf II († 1612) in Prague before going back to Italy.
Marriage and tenure claims
Ernst stayed temporarily at the court of Landgrave Moritz von Hessen-Kassel . In 1593 he met Hedwig (1569–1644), the orphaned daughter of Landgrave Wilhelm IV. , And he developed a liking for her. His advertising was heard by Hedwig's brother Moritz, but Ernst was told that he had to get his half-brother Adolf to let him take over the government of part of the county of Schaumburg before getting married. This resulted in delays because Adolf delayed the negotiations. Ernst could with the help of Simon VI. zur Lippe and an imperial commission assert his claims, which were notarized in the Minden settlement on December 13, 1595. Ernst did not receive full sovereignty, but the material property of the Lower County of Schaumburg - d. H. the offices of Sachsenhagen , Hagenburg and Bokeloh - awarded, including the Sachsenhagen moated castle . This finally made it possible for him to marry Hedwig von Hessen-Kassel on September 11, 1597 in Wilhelmsburg Palace in Schmalkalden . The couple took up residence in Sachsenhagen, where Ernst expanded the moated castle into a modest country palace.
Entry into government and construction activities
When his ruling brother Adolf died on July 2, 1601 shortly after his only son and heir Julius, Ernst took over the entire government in the counties of Holstein-Pinneberg and Schaumburg. He immediately came up with the plan to move the government from Stadthagen to Bückeburg . At the time, Bückeburg was in a desolate state after two major fires, the last one in 1585, devastated the small town. Ernst said: "since our fortress Bückeburgk left us in such a mess that we must have the reparation of it sent to Werck". His generous building program began with the castle (1601–1606). After its completion in 1606, he moved his residence from Stadthagen to Bückeburg. This was followed by the redesign of the new residential town, which was given city rights with comprehensive market rights in 1609 : the market square was laid out (1606) and the new town hall was handed over to the citizens in 1608. The Ballhaus am Markt (1609), the pompous castle gate (1605–1607) and the old Chamber Treasury (1608) rounded off the buildings on the market. The town church was built between 1611 and 1615 as a residential and parish church. The chancellery and the royal stables were added later (1621/1622).
Ernst restructured the state finances, and the country experienced an economic boom. He promoted the guilds by building settlements for the craftsmen. He founded schools, including the Illustre Academia Ernestina high school in Stadthagen in 1610 , from which the University of Rinteln emerged in 1621 , and paid a hundred students to study.
He had Cyriacus Spangenberg write a story of the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein . He employed the painters Joseph Heintz , Johannes Rottenhammer , Christoph Gertner and Anton Boten , as well as the sculptors Ebbert and Jonas Wulff and the bronze sculptor Adrian de Vries . He cultivated music at court and had his own court orchestra. In the years 1614–1615 he created church, police, official and house rules. The alchemist Michael Maier , who was at his court in December 1616, dedicated the book Symbola Aureae Mensae duodecim nationum to him .
His income from the Schaumburg mining industry was also sufficient for a loan of 100,000 guilders to Emperor Ferdinand II , who on September 17, 1619 renewed the title of prince that his family had allegedly lost and thus granted him the right to found a university. However, when he wanted to use his new prince rank in the county of Holstein-Pinneberg and called himself Prince of Holstein , the Danish King Christian IV , in personal union Duke of Holstein , forced him to forego it with superior military pressure. Then he called himself Prince of the Reich , Count of Holstein-Schaumburg .
The princely mausoleum , which he had built on the choir of St. Martin's Church in Stadthäger, based on Italian models, is now a cultural monument of European standing. The Saxon architect Giovanni Maria Nosseni created the design . Ernst ordered the life-size bronze sculptures of the Resurrection Group from the imperial sculptor Adriaen de Vries in Prague, as well as two figures for the Bückeburg Palace Bridge and a large baptismal font for the Bückeburg City Church .
After his childless death, his great cousin Jobst Hermann from the Gemener line of the Schaumburg Count's House took over.
literature
- Helge Bei der Wieden : A North German Renaissance Prince. Ernst to Holstein-Schaumburg. 1569–1622 (= Kulturlandschaft Schaumburg. Vol. 1). Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 1994, ISBN 3-89534-125-8 .
- Helge bei der Wieden: Prince Ernst Graf von Holstein-Schaumburg and his economic policy (= Schaumburg-Lippische Mitteilungen. Vol. 15, ISSN 0722-8740 ). Schaumburg-Lippischer Heimatverein, Bückeburg 1961.
- Johannes Habich : The artistic design of the Bückeburg residence by Prince Ernst. 1601-1622 (= Schaumburger Studies. Book 26, ISSN 0581-9660 ). Grimme, Bückeburg 1969 (At the same time: Hamburg, University, dissertation, 1969: The artistic design of the Bückeburg residence by Prince Ernst, Count of Holstein-Schaumburg. ).
- Cyriacus Spangenberg : Chronicon. In which of the Hochgebornen Uhralten Graffen Zü Holstein Schaümbürgk Ster [...] berg and Gehmen [...] how long they [...] had the Hertzogthümb Schlesswich inside [...] also names coming from genealogia or Stambaüm of all Graffen live peace and war actions [...] deeds clearly described. Schaumburgae Princeps, Stadthagen 1614, digitized .
Individual evidence
- ↑ ( near the Wieden)
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.weserrenaissance-stadthagen.de
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Adolf XI. |
Count of Schauenburg and Holstein 1601–1622 |
Jobst Hermann |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | serious |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ernst III. |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Count of Holstein-Schaumburg |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 24, 1569 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Buckeburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 17, 1622 |
| Place of death | Buckeburg |