St. Martini Church (Stadthagen)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
St. Martini from West

The St. Martini Church is an Evangelical Lutheran church building in the center of Stadthagen . It is characterized by Gothic style elements and connected to an attached princely mausoleum.

history

Nave to the east

A church at its current location is mentioned as early as 1230, but due to its small size it was demolished in 1318. Of this church, the 42.3 meter high tower, which dominates the entire cityscape, and part of the walling still exist today.

The three-aisled Gothic hall church with three extensions comes from various construction periods in the Middle Ages . The ossuary built on the south side of the church in 1430 is now used as a boiler room and staircase to the church tower.

On the north side is the Trinity Chapel , which was built around 1544 and is today a memorial for those who died in both world wars of the Martini parish as well as the staircase to the royal box. A sacristy , which was built in 1541 and is now a chapel room, is also attached.

In this extension there is a piscina , i.e. a sink for the baptismal water , which was renewed and consecrated once a year on Easter vigil.

In the 1970s the church was restored due to structural damage, but was badly damaged by an arson attack in 1992 . Today the church is restored.

architecture

The church was built in the 14th century as a three-aisled hall church with a polygonal ambulatory choir and a single tower in front of it to the west . Its spatial impression is determined by ribbed vaults over strong octagonal pillars. In its basic form it represents the building type of the late medieval residential church. The church served as a model for the Bückeburg town church , which - two hundred years later - sought a reorientation towards Gothic architecture during the Weser Renaissance period.

  • View from the market square

  • View from the southeast

  • View of the nave

  • View of the choir and mausoleum

  • In front of the church

  • Floor plan without showing the additions

Furnishing

In the tower passage is the 4.5 meter high and 9 meter wide stone grave monument of Count Otto IV (1544 to 1576) between his two wives , behind a wrought iron grille . The tomb was inaugurated in 1581 by his second wife Elisabeth Ursula von Braunschweig-Lüneburg . It stood in the choir of the church until the church was restored in the 1970s. Count Otto IV introduced the Reformation in his counties of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg and also had Stadthagen Castle built. The first Protestant preacher was Jakob Dammann , who came to Stadthagen in 1558 as court preacher and a short time later as city preacher. Two funeral tablets from 1539 and 1559 can also be seen in the passage: on the right for Ludolph Bulle, on the left for Christoph von Münchhausen .

To the left of the tower passage is the royal box , built by Count Otto IV. It bears his coat of arms and that of his two wives as well as the coat of arms of Prince Georg von Schaumburg-Lippe (1893 to 1911) and his wife. The remaining fields show the apostles and Christ.

In the nave of the church a life-size hanging on a chain triumphal cross . Next to him are Maria and Johannes.

The most precious piece of equipment in the church is the altarpiece , which was made in 1460 in a Flemish workshop. Originally it was a winged altar . In 1585, at the instigation and at the expense of Chancellor von Wietersheim, it was rebuilt and reduced in size by half and framed in the Renaissance style . In the shrine are the medieval carved reliefs of the Passion of Christ. Above that, a travel altar is integrated into the structure, whose alabaster , marble-like relief also shows the crucifixion, above it the resurrection of Christ and God the Father. The former travel altar is flanked by further reliefs from the medieval winged altar. The reredos, put together from several parts, form an artistically harmonious whole.

The pulpit from the 16th century shows next to Christ as world ruler Paul with sword and book, John writing with an eagle, Luke writing with a bull, Mark with the lion, Matthew with the winged man. A bearded warrior's head and the nettle leaf of the Schaumburgers can be seen under each of the pictures. Two Latin inscriptions refer to the pictures. One of the few preserved mechanical sermon clocks is a rarity .

The princely mausoleum, built in 1609 by Prince Ernst von Schaumburg until 1622, is attached to the rear of St. Martini's Church .

  • View into the nave to the east

  • The magnificent altar

  • Royal box

  • Tomb of Count Otto IV († 1576)

  • Elisabeth Ursula of Braunschweig-Lüneburg

  • Stained glass

  • Landesberg epitaph

  • Crucifixion group

organ

The organ of St. Martini goes back in part to an instrument of the Slegel brothers , which could be verified as early as 1559. In 1731 the organ was reorganized by the organ builder Christian Vater (Hanover). The instrument then had 32 stops on two manuals (work, positive back ) and pedal . A large part of the historical substance was lost in a fire in 1908. As early as 1909, Furtwängler & Hammer (Hanover) built a new organ using the pipe material that was still available. The now romantically arranged instrument had 44 registers on three manuals and pedal. In 1974 the instrument was rebuilt again and expanded to 54 registers by the organ building company Hammer (Hanover). In 2003 the organ work by Alfred Kern (Strasbourg) was completely renewed in the historical prospectus . The instrument is now arranged in a French-romantic way. Rückpositiv, Hauptwerk and Pedal are bored in the style of Silbermann organs, the swellwork predominantly after Cavaillé-Coll.

I Rückpositiv C–
1. Drone 8th'
2. Quintadena 8th'
3. Salicional 8th'
4th Principal 4 ′
5. Reed flute 4 ′
6th Narsard 3 ′
7th Duplicate 2 ′
8th. Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
9. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Mixture IV 1'
11. Dulcian 16 ′
12. Cromorne 8th'
II main work C–
13. Drone 16 ′
14th Principal 8th'
15th Flûte harmonique 8th'
16. viola 8th'
17th Flûte douce 8th'
18th Octave 4 ′
19th Pointed flute 4 ′
20th Nasard 3 ′
21st Octave 2 ′
22nd Cornet V 8th'
23. Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
24. Scharff III 2 ⁄ 3 ′
25th 1 ière Trompette 8th'
26th 2 ième Trompette 8th'
27. Clairon 4 ′
III Swell C–
28. Quintatön 16 ′
29 Flûte harmonique 8th'
30th Cor de nuit 8th'
31. Viol 8th'
32. Voix céleste (from c 0 ) 8th'
33. viola 4 ′
34. Flûte octaviante 4 ′
35. Octavine 2 ′
36. Cornet III (from g 0 )
37. Progression II-IV 2 ′
38. Basson 16 ′
39. Trompette harmonique 8th'
40. Basson-Hautbois 8th'
41. Voix humaine 8th'
Pedal C–
42. Pedestal 32 ′
43. Principal bass 16 ′
44. Sub-bass 16 ′
45. Octave bass 8th'
46. Thought bass 8th'
47. Octave bass 4 ′
48. Mixture bass IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
49. Ophicléide 16 ′
50. Trumpet 8th'
51. Clairon 4 ′

Princely mausoleum

Mausoleum from the south, left the choir of the Martini church

The seven-sided dome from Bückebergsandstein was how the encircling inscription on the frieze tells the entablature, started in 1620 by Prince Ernst and after he died in 1622, his widow three years Hedwig of Hesse-Cassel completed. In the middle of the richly decorated interior, which is only accessible from the choir of St. Martini's Church, the grave monument of Prince Ernst, which Adriaen de Vries created in Prague from 1613 to 1620 , is impressive . Four warriors in Roman costume sit on the cornice. The sarcophagus with the portrait of the prince is carried by four lions. On an elevation of the lid stands the resurrected Savior with a 2.80 m long cross flag in larger than life size (height 2.10 m and width 1.80 m).

To the left and right of the entrance are the paintings Revival of the Dead Bones on the Day of Judgment and Awakening of Lazarus by the Savior by Anton Boten , who also painted the ceiling. Until 1916, the counts and princely members of the Schaumburg-Lippe family were buried in the crypt .

literature

  • Hans Werner Dannowski : City trips in Lower Saxony. 20 city portraits. Schlütersche, Hannover 2004, p. 267 f. (over the mausoleum).
  • Christian Konrad Jakob Dassel : Historical description of the St. Martinikirche in Stadthagen. Grimme, Bückeburg 1819.
  • Karl Anton Dolle: Brief history of the Grafschaft Schaumburg. Althans, Stadthagen 1756. Therein: § 15, pp. 568-581 , about the mausoleum; § 16, pp. 581-585 , about the monument of Count Otto IV. Next to the altar; § 17, p. 585 f. , over the font. (Digitized from Google Books)
  • Hermann Heidkämper: The pastors of the St. Martinikirche in Stadthagen since the Reformation. In: Communications from the Association for Schaumburg-Lippe History, Antiquities and Regional Studies 9 (1943), pp. 58–75.
  • Heinrich Ulbrich: Ev.-luth. St. Martini Church Stadthagen ( Large Architectural Monuments , Issue 379). Munich / Berlin 1987

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Josef Böker : Late Gothic residential churches in the Weser area . In G. Ulrich Großmann (Ed.): Renaissance in North Central Europe , Part I (Writings of the Weser Renaissance Museum Castle Brake, Vol. IV). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1991, pp. 148–158.
  2. ↑ Heimo Reinitzer : Tapetum Concordiae. Peter Heymans tapestry for Philip I of Pomerania and the tradition of the pulpits carried by Moses . De Gruyter, Berlin 2012. ISBN 978-3-11-027887-3 . P. 216.
  3. ↑ http://www.orgel-owl.de/s_hagen.htm organ; http://www.stmartini-stadthagen.de/st-martini-kirche/
  4. ↑ Inscription on the mausoleum:
    MONUMENTUM PRIN [CIPIS] ERNESTI COMIT [IS] H [OLSTEIN-] S [CHAUMURGENSIS]
    QUOD A [NN] O M.DC.XX. À VIVO CŒPTUM,
    TERTIO POST ILLUSTRISS [IMI] ABSOLVIT VIDUA HEIDEWIGIS.
    "Tomb of Prince Ernst, Count of Holstein-Schaumburg,
    which, begun in 1620 by the living, was completed
    in the third year after Hedwig, the widow of the most illustrious."
  5. ↑ Hans Werner Dannowski: city tours in Lower Saxony. 20 city portraits , Hanover: Schlütersche, 2004, p. 267 .

Web links

Commons : St. Martini Church (Stadthagen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 52 ° 19 ′ 24.5 ″  N , 9 ° 12 ′ 24.2 ″  E