Bückeburg City Church
The Bückeburg City Church is the largest church in the city of Bückeburg in Lower Saxony . It is the seat of an Evangelical Lutheran parish as well as the main and episcopal church of the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Schaumburg-Lippe .
history
At the beginning of the 17th century, Count Ernst von Schaumburg decided to move his residence from Schloss Stadthagen to Schloss Bückeburg . In the course of the planned expansion of the settlement near the castle, he commissioned Giovanni Maria Nosseni in 1608 to build a town and residential church at the other end of the east-west axis Lange Straße . Construction began in 1611 and was completed in 1615.
Also from 1611 to 1615 the sculptors Jonas Wolf and Hans Wolf worked on the artistic design of the church.
The church is considered to be the most important church building of early Protestantism in northern Germany. Count Ernst wanted to set an example with the building, which is why he had the inscription E XEMPLUM R ELIGIONIS N ON ST RUCTURAE (“Example of piety, not architecture”) placed above the facade , the first letters of which give his name. The building was built from Obernkirchen sandstone . The statics did not allow an originally planned church tower because the subsoil is too sandy. The former school and current city library were built from the stones provided for this purpose.
The most famous preacher at the church was Johann Gottfried Herder . He had followed the call of Count Wilhelm , who replaced Herder, who was 27 years old at the time, but who had already become known as a writer, in 1771 as senior consistorial councilor in his royal seat , d. H. of the "bishop" of the Lutheran regional church . Herder went to Weimar as early as 1776 , near Goethe . In 1908 the herd monument was unveiled next to the church. The ceremonial address was given by Lulu von Strauss and Torney .
From 1750 until his death in 1795, Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach was the court musician of the count, most recently as court conductor, also responsible for the music in the city and residential church.
In Advent 1962, the altar and the historic organ were almost completely destroyed by arson. The restoration was carried out on the basis of the burnt parts, existing detailed photographs and comparable carvings of the Bückeburg Palace Chapel .
architecture
The Bückeburg city church is designed as a three-aisled, eight-bay hall church and is oriented to the southeast . The church interior, which is kept in post-Gothic forms, is defined by ribbed vaults over columns with Corinthian capitals and Gothic tracery windows . In stylistic contrast to the interior of the church, the façade facing the city and the castle is designed with rich mannerist ornamentation in the sense of the Dutch late renaissance .
The town church is the most important sacred building of the Weser Renaissance . In its basic form it follows the building type of the late medieval residential church, such as the St. Martini Church in Stadthagen , in which the hall space is combined with a choir ambulatory in a similar way. The flat polygonal closure behind the altar and organ serves as a sacristy . The church is the model for the church buildings of the Weser Baroque as in Corvey , which also sought a reorientation to the architecture of the Gothic.
Furnishing
pulpit
The pulpit is one of the most important pieces of equipment . It was created around 1614 by the Hildesheim sculptor Hans Wolf , to whom the sculptural decoration on the facade is also attributed. The relief pictures on the pulpit show a crucifixion group in the middle , the Annunciation and the birth of Christ on the left, and his resurrection and ascension to the right on the right . Two almost life-size figures between the pulpit and the sound cover are interpreted as the apostles Peter and Paul or as Moses and Paul (“Law and Gospel”). Putti on the sound cover carry the instruments of Jesus' passion .
Altarpiece
The altar, above which the magnificent organ front rises, is provided with a copy of an Italian altarpiece . The original was created by Carlo Maratta around 1683 for the sacristy of the Roman church Santa Maria dell'Anima and depicts the birth of the Virgin . In the background on the left you can see mother Anna in childbed, with her father Joachim , who looks up to heaven praying; in the foreground a young nurse with the newborn Maria; Helpers bring her a linen bandage for changing or cleaning the child; a drapery draped over the scene, in front of which a cloud with winged putti heads . The picture was bought by Count Friedrich Christian in Rome in 1685 when the original church clients refused to pay the agreed price. He brought it to the Bückeburg Castle . The altarpiece of the town church is a detailed copy. It was replaced by a Crucifixus in the middle of the 19th century , but returned to its original location after the 1962 fire.
Bronze baptism
With the baptismal font from 1615, which is rich in figures , the Bückeburg town church has a major work by perhaps the most important European sculptor between the Reformation and the Thirty Years' War Adriaen de Vries , whom Prince Ernst then commissioned with the resurrection monument for the Stadthagen mausoleum . The bronze baptism points from bottom to top:
- Base plate: reliefs of the four virtues of faith, hope, love and persistence
- Shaft: globe with two child-like angels sitting on it, on whose wings the pelvis rests; one of the angels steps on a snake with one foot ( Gen 3.15 EU )
- Basin wall: the four rivers of paradise as river gods
- Lid: the four evangelists with their attributes
- Crowning: Baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist (full sculpture)
- In the pull ropes: the dove of the Holy Spirit
Royal box
In the ensemble of the original stalls and galleries , the princely box above the main portal, the “Golden Prieche ”, is another gem of the interior. The portraits of the rulers next to it are from 1876.
organ
The original organ was built in 1617 by the Wolfenbüttel organ builder Esaias Compenius the Elder. Ä. built. She too fell victim to the fire. In 1965 the organ case was reconstructed according to historical plans and a new organ was installed, based on the layout of the historical organ. This organ was replaced from 1993–1997 by a completely new instrument built by the organ builder Rudolf Janke from Göttingen. Some of the organ registers from 1965 were reused. The slider chest instrument has 47 registers on three manuals and a pedal . The actions are mechanical.
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- Pairing :
Bells
The town church has 4 bells. A historical bronze bell hangs in the open gable window, which acts as an hourly bell (tone: g sharp ′). Behind the front gable is the bell room in which the three bell bells hang. The large bells are steel bells (tones: c ′, d ′, f ′). They were cast by the Bochum Association for Cast Steel Manufacture .
literature
- Thorsten Albrecht: The Bückeburg city church. 2nd Edition. Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2006, ISBN 3-932526-25-2 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ NN: Evangelical city church, Bückeburg in the picture index of art and architecture
- ↑ Original drawing with tower
- ↑ a b c d leaflet from the parish
- ↑ Figure 2005
- ↑ literaturatlas.de
- ^ Johann Josef Böker : Late Gothic residential churches in the Weser area . In G. Ulrich Großmann (Ed.): Renaissance in North Central Europe , Part I (Writings of the Weser Renaissance Museum Castle Brake, Vol. IV). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1991, pp. 148–158.
- ↑ Figure
- ↑ There it remained in the private property of the royal family. In 2013 it was auctioned at TEFAF in Maastricht. The estimated price was $ 4.9 million, but the actual price was lower ( Otto Naumann Ltd. ( Memento of October 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ); robbreport.com ).
- ↑ Otto Naumann Ltd. ( Memento from October 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ More information about the organ of the city church
Episcopal churches : Marienkirche Dessau | City Church Karlsruhe | St. Lorenz Nuremberg | St. Matthew Munich | Marienkirche Berlin-Mitte | St. Blasii Cathedral | Petridom Bremen | Great Church Leer | Market Church Hanover | Martinskirche Kassel | Church of the Redeemer Detmold | Magdeburg Cathedral | Schwerin Cathedral | Lamberti Church Oldenburg | Speyer Memorial Church | Johanneskirche Düsseldorf | Meissen Cathedral | Kreuzkirche Dresden | Bückeburg City Church | Neustädter Marienkirche | Collegiate Church Stuttgart
Coordinates: 52 ° 15 '36.1 " N , 9 ° 3' 2.3" E