St. Matthew (Munich)

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View by Johann Poppel (around 1850)
Matthew Church (2007)

The Evangelical Lutheran Parish Church of St. Matthew , also known as the Matthäuskirche , was the first Protestant church in Munich . The current building, which was built according to plans by Gustav Gsaenger from 1953 to 1957, is the successor to the first post-classical Protestant church building, which was demolished in 1938 . As the preaching place of the regional bishop, St. Matthew is an episcopal church of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria .

location

St. Matthäus (Nussbaumstrasse 1) is located at the southern end of Sendlinger-Tor-Platz at the intersection between Altstadtring ( Sonnenstrasse / Blumenstrasse) and Lindwurmstrasse at Nussbaumpark .

Functions

Angelo Branduardi in January 2014 as part of his church tour

St. Matthew currently has the following functions:

  • Parish Church of the Evangelical Lutheran Parish of St. Matthew in Munich (Old Town)
  • Munich preaching place of the regional bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria (Bischofskirche)
  • Headquarters of the “Matthäusdienste” project: Contact point and missionary-evangelistic addressing of people without church ties on behalf of the regional church
  • Headquarters of the Evangelical Motorcycle Friends St. Matthew Munich as a staff congregation
  • Venue for cultural events such as concerts.

history

First construction 1833–1938

Since the beginning of the 19th century, more and more Protestant immigrants from the newly acquired areas of the enlarged Bavarian state and other parts of Germany settled in Munich. In the age of the enlightened monarchy , they could no longer be denied Munich citizenship. In the suburb of Perlach, for example, the first Protestant church in today's urban area of ​​Munich was built. A champion for religious tolerance was the second wife of King Max I Joseph , the Baden Princess Karoline . At the end of the 18th century she had already insisted on practicing her evangelical faith; therefore a Protestant court community was established and a Protestant court preacher was appointed. On May 12, 1799, the cabinet preacher Ludwig Friedrich Schmidt held the first Protestant service in Nymphenburg Palace , the summer residence of the royal couple.

Historic St. Matthew's Church (1833–1938)

Since Perlach was too far away and the Catholic Court Church of All Saints in the Munich residence , in which the Protestant court community was a guest, became too small, the demand for a Protestant parish church became louder. The government of Max I Joseph, tolerant in religious matters, promised a parish church. When it was founded in 1806, the Protestant parish of Munich was given the former cemetery church of the Frauenkirche , St. Salvator , for use. The Protestant congregation was never able to use this church as intended, as it was used as a storage room, wagon depot and later as a granary. Hence the problem remained acute.

Several drafts were developed until they were ready for implementation: In addition to an expansion of St. Salvator, new construction projects at locations on today's Brienner Strasse and Maximiliansplatz were discussed. Finally, on September 6, 1825 , the Bavarian State Parliament approved the construction of a Protestant church in a representative location and released the corresponding funds.

After Ludwig I ascended the throne, construction was delayed further and further. Ludwig I did not accept Leo von Klenze's designs , after all the deliberately Catholic king approved the plans of the building councilor Johann Nepomuk Pertsch for a post-classicist rotunda . Although Ludwig I was very keen to re-Catholicize his kingdom and despite his evangelical stepmother and evangelical wife, he only allowed tolerance for non-Catholic denominations to the extent that it was guaranteed by the constitution of the kingdom, he approved a representative building site for the "Evangelical Cathedral Church" , but moved it from Maximiliansplatz to the less elegant Karlsplatz (Stachus) near Schwanthalerstraße / Herzogspitalstraße. Ludwig refused to participate in the construction costs from his private box. The construction was delayed again and again for financial reasons even after the laying of the foundation stone on July 28, 1827. It was not until August 25, 1833, Ludwig I's name day , that the Protestant Church in Munich , which was its official name at the time, was inaugurated. For the evangelical members of the royal family who were married, St. Matthew also became the court church.

With the expansion of Karlsplatz with representative buildings, such as the Palace of Justice and, most recently, the Stachusrondell by Gabriel von Seidl , the location of the church became more representative, so that it finally became the visual end of Karlsplatz. In 1919 St. Matthew became the preaching site of the church president, who has held the title of regional bishop since 1933 .

For this church Albert Moser built a three-manual organ with 74 stops on pneumatic cone chests , which was inaugurated on October 17, 1926. A special feature of this instrument had an unusual for this time Obertonregister ( None 8 / 9 'in the echo).

At the urging of Adolf Hitler , the NSDAP - Gauleiter in Upper Bavaria, Adolf Wagner , ordered the demolition of the church in June 1938 - supposedly in order to be able to widen the Sonnenstrasse to Berlin dimensions. The actual reason, however, is presumed to be the smoldering animosity of the Nazi regime against the Bavarian regional bishop Hans Meiser , who tried to prevent the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria from being brought into line by the German Christians and thus from merging into the “Reich Church”.

The then pastor Friedrich Loy was informed of the decision to demolish it on June 9, 1938. Two days later, State Bishop Hans Meiser intervened unsuccessfully. The vestibule was blown up on June 26, 1938, and the tower on July 3, 1938. The demolition work was completed on July 6, 1938. At the same time, on June 8, 1938, the demolition of the main synagogue on Herzog-Max-Strasse was also ordered for traffic reasons, and it was razed to the ground just as quickly within four weeks. It was supposed to be tested whether and to what extent protests from the ecclesiastical milieu could be expected.

Second building (since 1955)

After the parish had become homeless and only lived in makeshift arrangements, the demand for a reconstruction of the St. Matthew Church quickly arose after the end of the Second World War . A new building at the old location was not supported by the city of Munich. Instead, a dominating urban area on Sendlinger-Tor-Platz was offered as a new location. According to plans by Gustav Gsaenger , a central building with an integrated rectory, community rooms and campanile was built from 1953 to 1955 , in which Gsaenger fully developed his own formal language of organic modernity . Klaus Gallas , the author of the DuMont art travel guide for Munich, ruled in 1979 that the form and shape of the church could not do justice to this dominance.

Modern church building in the 50s style. Episcopal Church.

organ

View of the organ gallery

The organ was built between 1955 and 1963 as opus 1900 by the Oettinger organ building company Steinmeyer according to a plan by the regional church music director Friedrich Högner . The instrument originally had 65 registers on four manuals and a pedal on sliding chests with an electric action.

Original disposition
I positive C-g 3
1. Singing dumped 8th'
2. Dulz flute 8th'
3. Praestant 4 ′
4th Night horn 4 ′
5. Octave 2 ′
6th Octavlein 1'
7th Sesquialter II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. Sharp cymbel IV 2 ⁄ 3 ′
9. Rankett 16 ′
10. Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
11. Principal 16 ′
12. Metal principal 8th'
13. Reed flute 8th'
14th Silbermann viol 8th'
15th Octave 4 ′
16. Smalled up 4 ′
17th Schwiegel 2 ′
18th Flute IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
19th Mixture V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
20th Trumpet 16 ′
21st Trumpet 8th'
III Oberwerk C – g 3
22nd Harp principal 8th'
23. Wooden dacked 8th'
24. Quintad 8th'
25th Far principal 4 ′
26th Wooden flute 4 ′
27. Principal 2 ′
28. Gemshorn 2 ′
29 Quintlet 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
30th Spicy Mixture V 1 ⁄ 2 ′
31. Cymbel III 1 ⁄ 6 ′
32. Hopper shelf 8th'
33. Head trumpet 4 ′
IV Swell C – g 3
34. Tube bare 16 ′
35. Principal 8th'
36. Hollow flute 8th'
37. Lovely Gedackt 8th'
38. Willow pipe 8th'
39. Octave 4 ′
40. Coupling flute 4 ′
41. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
42. Forest flute 2 ′
43. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
44. Flageolet 1'
45. Plein Jeux V-VI 2 ′
46. Bell cymbal III 2 ′
47. English horn 16 ′
48. oboe 8th'
49. prong 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
50. Principal 16 ′
51. Sub-bass 16 ′
52. Quintad 16 ′
53. Coarse fifth bass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
54. Octave bass 8th'
55. Thought bass 8th'
56. Hollow flute * 4 ′
57. Pipe pipe * 2 '
58. Choral Bass II * 4 ′
59. Rear set IV * 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
60. Octave Mixture II * 2 ′
61. Sordun 32 ′
62. Sordun * 16 ′
63. trombone 16 ′
64. Trumpet * 8th'
65. Clarine * 4 ′
Tremulant (for *)
  • Coupling : I / II, III / II, IV / II, IV / III, I / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P, general coupling
  • 4 free combinations
  • 1 free pedal combination
  • Crescendo roller
  • Tongue introduction steps, each for I.-IV. Man. and pedal
  • Mixture storage, tongue storage, hand register off
  • Tutti

Since 2013 the organ has been gradually expanded to 106 registers by the Woehl organ workshop . On the earlier Steinmeyer gaming table , rocker registers for the originally intended remote control are installed above the passage to the sacristy, which has not yet been implemented. Also planned is a choir organ and a swellable part that can be heard both from the nave and in the community hall behind.

Currently, after completion of the 4th construction phase (2017), the instrument has the following disposition:

I main work C – a 3
01. Principal 16 '
02. Drone 16 ' (W)
03. Metal principal 08th'
04th Reed flute 08th'
05. violoncello 08th' (W)
06th Silbermanngamba 08th'
07th octave 04 '
08th. Small set 04 '
09. Fifth (preliminary number 12) 02 2 ⁄ 3  ' (W)
10. octave 02 ' (W)
11. Schwiegel 02 '
12. Flute IV 02 2 ⁄ 3  '
13. Mixture IV 02 '
14th Mixture V 01 1 ⁄ 3  ' (W)
15th Cimbel III 01 1 ⁄ 3  ' (W)
16. Cornet III-VII 08th'
17th First trumpet 16 ' (W)
18th Second trumpet 16 '
19th First trumpet 08th' (W)
20th Second trumpet 08th'
II Oberwerk C – a 3
21st Quintad 16 ' (W)
22nd Harp principal 08th'
23. Gemshorn 08th' (W)
24. Wooden dacked 08th'
25th Quintad 08th'
26th Unda maris 08th' (W)
27. Wide principal 04 '
28. Wooden flute 04 '
29 Sesquialter II 0 (W)
30th octave 02 ' (W)
31. Principal 02 '
32. Gemshorn 02 '
33. Quintlet 01 1 ⁄ 3  '
34. Mixture IV 02 ' (W)
35. Spicy Mixture V 01 ⁄ 2 '
36. Zimbel III 01 ⁄ 6 '
37. bassoon 16 ' (W)
38. Bassoon (ext. No.37) 08th' (W)
39. Trumpet shelf 08th'
40. Head trumpet 04 '
Tremulant
III Swell C – a 3
41. Tube bare 16 '
42. Principal 08th'
43. Hollow flute 08th'
44. Willow pipe 08th'
45. Lovely covered 08th'
46. octave 04 '
47. Coupling flute 04 '
48. Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  '
49. Forest flute 02 '
50. third 01 2 ⁄ 5  '
51. Flageolet 01'
52. Plein jeu V-VI 02 '
53. Bell cymbal III 02 '
54. English horn 16 '
55. oboe 08th'
56. prong 04 '
Tremulant
IV Positive C-a 3
57. Singing dumped 08th'
58. Dulz flute 08th'
59. Praestant 04 '
60. Night horn 04 '
61. Octave 02 '
62. Octavlein 01'
63. Sesquialter III
64. Sharp cymbel IV 02 ⁄ 3 '
65. Rankett 16 '
66. Vox humana 08th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – a 3
67. Large Bordun (Ext. No. 71) 32 ' (W)
68. Principal 16 '
69. Sub-bass 16 '
70. Quintad 16 '
71. Covered bass (= No. 2) 16 ' (W)
72. Fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  '
73. Octave bass 08th'
74. Cello bass (= No. 5) 08th'
75. Covered bass 08th'
76. Hollow flute * 04 '
77. Pipe pipe * 02 '
78. Rauschbass IV 02 2 ⁄ 3  '
79. Chorale bass * 04 '
80. Octave Mixture II * 02 '
81. Back set IV 02 2 ⁄ 3  '
82. Sordun (Ext. No. 85) 32 '
83. trombone 16 '
84. Bassoon (= No. 37) 16 '
85. Sordun 16 '
86. Trumpet 08th'
87. Bassoon (ext. No.37) 08th'
88 Clarine * 04 '
89. Cornetto (Ext. No. 37) 04 '
90. Cantus (Ext. No. 37) 02 '
Tremulant for *
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, IV / I, III / II, IV / II, IV / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
    • Sub-octave coupling: I / I, II / I, III / I, IV / I, II / II, III / II, IV / II, IV / III, IV / IV
  • Remarks
(W) = register added by Woehl

There are also plans to build a choir continuo instrument with 10 stops on a manual.

Manuals C – a 3
Singing dumped 08th'
Dulz flute 08th'
Paestant 04 '
Night horn 04 '
Octave 02 '
Octavlein 01'
Sesquialter II
Sharp cymbel IV
Rankett 16 '
Vox humana 08th'
Tremulant

The construction of a choir organ with 16 registers on a manual and pedal is also planned.

Manuals C – a 3
Dumped 16 '
Viola da gamba 08th'
Salicional 08th'
Reed flute 08th'
Dumped 08th'
Quintad 08th'
Octave 04 '
Night horn 04 '
Flageolet 02 '
Octave 02 '
Mixture III 0'
horn 08th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – a 3
Thought bass 16 '
Flute bass 08th'
Chorale bass 04 '
horn 08th'

Bells

Second largest bell (1955)
Fourth largest bell (1830)

Six bells hang in the 51 meter high tower ; the two large bells hang at the level of the clock, the other four one floor above.

The Our Father's bell (No. 7) hangs freely in a round walled bell carrier on the north side of the nave . It is only rung as a soloist during the Our Father's Day. It is the successor to an h 1 bell from 1830 (from the old church), which was donated to the Bartimäus community center in Pasing in 1964. The bells 4 and 5 remained in the Matthäuskirche.

In 1955 and 1964, Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling from Heidelberg added five bells, some of which were donated by Gustl Feldmeier.

The bells rang in the steel chair on cranked steel yokes on three open floors until 1996. Due to enormous fluctuations in the tower and severe structural damage, the entire bells were shut down, hung in wooden bell chairs by the Rudolf Perner (Passau) bell foundry in the course of an extensive renovation in 1999 , fitted with new electronic machines and upper weights, and the bell chambers closed with sound shutters.

The ringing order differentiates the Sunday and public holiday services according to main and secondary services and according to the church season. There is always a three-minute peal 30 minutes before the start of the service; bell 2 or 3 on Sundays, bell 1 or 2 on feast days. Five minutes before the service begins, the five-minute chiming sounds; Bells 6 + 5 + 3 + 2 or 6 + 5 + 3 on Sundays during Advent and Passion (including Repentance and Prayer ), on the other Sundays bells 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 or 5 + 4 + 3 and on feast days the bells 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 or 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1. On Good Friday the big bell rings alone. For baptisms, bells 5 + 4 + 3 (bell 6 for baptism) ring, bells 5 + 4 + 2 before weddings and bells 6 + 5 + 3 + 1 (G minor) for funerals. During the prayer times at 12:00 and 18:30, bell 4 sounds. Bell 7 serves as the Our Father's bell. On Saturday at 3:00 p.m., Sunday is rung in with the respective chimes of the main service.

The clock is struck by the big bell; A single stop is heard every half hour, and the number of hours is struck on the hour.

Together with the Lorenz Church and the Friedenskirche in Nuremberg, St. Matthew in Munich has one of the most important loud bells in the Evangelical Church in Bavaria.

No. Casting year Foundry, casting location Diameter
(mm)		 Mass
(kg)		 Nominal
(16th note)		 inscription
1 1955 Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling, Heidelberg 2020 5148 g 0 +2 “Heaven and earth will pass, but my words will not pass. Matth. 24.35. "
2 1490 1995 c 1 +2 “Yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory. Amen. Matth. 6.13. "
3 1320 1363 d 1 +2 “O land, land, land, hear the word of the Lord. Jer. 22.29. "
4th 1830 Nicolaus Regnault, Dinkelsbühl 1280 1000 e 1 +2 “Glory to the Lord in the congregation that is in Christ Jesus at all times. Ephes. 7 V 21. "
5 1050 0650 g 1 +2 “The people that are to be created will praise the Lord. Psa 102 V 19. "
6th 1964 Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling, Heidelberg 0910 0518 a 1 +2 -
7th 0840 0410 b 1 +5 -

Notes on naming

The first four Evangelical Lutheran parish churches were given the names of the evangelists , in the biblical order: St. Matthew, St. Markus (consecrated in 1877 ), St. Luke (consecrated in 1896) and finally St. Johannes (consecrated in 1916) in the district Haidhausen on the other side of the Isar - regardless of the fact that the Catholic Church of Haidhausen is also named after Johannes (but J. the Baptist). Together with the first Evangelical Lutheran church in Munich, the St. Paulus Church in Perlach , which was inaugurated in 1849 (at that time an independent congregation at the gates of Munich), the Evangelical Church in Munich showed the basis of its faith: the testimony of Jesus Christ through the Evangelists ( Matthew , Mark , Luke , John ) and the confession of him ( Paul ).

Trivia

  • Because of its location on Karlsplatz (Stachus), the old Matthäuskirche was called Stachuskirche until it was demolished in 1938 .
  • As the preaching place of the church president, since 1933 the regional bishop, who preaches here on all church holidays, St. Matthew is one of the two bishop churches of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria. The official episcopal church is St. Lorenz in Nuremberg , where the regional bishops are introduced to their office.
  • The Munich-based company nicknamed the new St. Matthäus building on Sendlinger-Tor-Platz, alluding to the curved kidney shape, as God's roller coaster , Luther's roller coaster or, lovingly, Christkindl's bathtub .

literature

  • The Protestant Church builds in Munich: 1948–1965. Buildings of the Evangelical Church in Munich. A documentation . Klinger, Munich 1966.
  • Klaus Gallas : Munich. From the Guelph foundation of Henry the Lion to the present: art, culture, history . DuMont, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1094-3 (DuMont documents: DuMont art travel guide).
  • Armin Rudi Kitzmann: The open gate. From the history of the Protestants in Munich . Claudius, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-532-62094-4 .
  • Alexander Langheiter: Discover the most beautiful Munich churches. J. Berg, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-7658-4214-6 .
  • Ludwig Turtur, Anna Lore Bühler: History of the Protestant Dean's Office and Parish Office Munich 1799-1852. A contribution to the Bavarian religious policy of the 19th century . Self-published by the Association for Bavarian Church History, Nuremberg 1969 (individual works from church history in Bavaria; 48).

Web links

Commons : St. Matthew  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Klaus Gallas: Munich. From the Guelph foundation of Henry the Lion to the present: art, culture, history. DuMont, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-7701-1094-3 (DuMont documents: DuMont art travel guide), p. 317
  2. ^ Munich / Ludwigsvorstadt, St. Matthäus . www.organindex.de. Accessed May 16, 2018.
  3. ^ Woehl organ projects: The Episcopal Church of St. Matthew . www.orgelbau-woehl.de. Accessed May 16, 2018.
  4. ^ Organ of the Protestant Episcopal Church of St. Matthew, Munich . www.matthaeusorgel.de. Accessed May 16, 2018.
  5. ↑ Information on disposition on organindex
  6. ↑ See the information on the website of the organ building company Woehl
  7. ↑ See the information on the website of the organ building company Woehl
  8. ↑ Video recording of the loud bells (YouTube, as of October 31, 2014 at 1:50 p.m.).

Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 59 "  N , 11 ° 33 ′ 53"  E