Caroline of Baden
Friederike Karoline (or Caroline ) Wilhelmine von Baden (born July 13, 1776 in Karlsruhe ; † November 13, 1841 in Munich ) was a princess of Baden and since January 1, 1806 the first queen of the newly proclaimed Kingdom of Bavaria .
family
She was the daughter of Hereditary Prince Karl Ludwig von Baden and Amalie , née Princess von Hessen-Darmstadt, the "mother-in-law of Europe", whose favorite daughter Karoline was also considered. Her younger sister Luise was Tsarina of Russia and Friederike Queen of Sweden, her only brother Karl Grand Duke of Baden.
Marriage and offspring
On March 9, 1797, Karoline married the widowed Duke Maximilian Joseph von Pfalz-Zweibrücken , later elector and later King of Bavaria. The marriage had eight children, including two twins. Five of these children reached adulthood.
- Son (dead born * † September 5, 1799)
- Maximilian Joseph Karl Friedrich (1800–1803)
- Elisabeth Ludovika (1801–1873) ⚭ 1823 King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia (1795–1861)
- Amalie Auguste (1801–1877) ⚭ 1822 King John I of Saxony (1801–1873)
- Maria Anna (1805–1877) ⚭ 1833 King Friedrich August II of Saxony (1797–1854)
- Sophie Friederike (1805–1872) ⚭ 1824 Archduke Franz Karl of Austria (1802–1878)
- Ludovika Wilhelmine (1808-1892) ⚭ 1828 Duke Max Joseph in Bavaria (1808-1888)
- Maximiliane Josepha Karoline (1810-1821)
A prenuptial agreement had stipulated that the Evangelical Caroline did not have to change her denomination. Her personal pastor was Ludwig Friedrich Schmidt, an evangelical cabinet preacher, who was also the first evangelical clergyman in Munich and who looked after the evangelical community that had developed around the queen.
Death and burial
After her stepson Ludwig came to power as King of Bavaria, Würzburg became the widow's seat of Queen Caroline for a long time . She died on November 13, 1841 in Munich and was buried at the side of her husband in the Munich Theatinerkirche . Her funeral was so undignified that protests ensued. By order of Archbishop Lothar Anselm von Gebsattel , the entire Catholic clergy of the collegiate monastery had appeared in secular clothing. The Protestant clergy were only allowed to escort the coffin to the church door, where Ludwig Friedrich Schmidt gave the funeral sermon. After that, the funeral procession broke up and the coffin was brought into the tomb without prayer. Karoline's stepson, Ludwig I, who was originally a strict opponent of Protestantism despite the fact that his Protestant wife Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen belonged to the Protestant community (in Würzburg St. Stephan ), distanced himself from this form of burial and gave under the impression this experience to some extent its hardness towards the Protestant Church.
ancestors
| Friedrich Hereditary Prince of Baden (1703–1732) | |||||||||||||
| Karl Friedrich Grand Duke of Baden (1728–1811) | |||||||||||||
| Anna of Nassau-Dietz-Oranien (1710–1777) | |||||||||||||
| Karl Ludwig von Baden (1755–1801) | |||||||||||||
| Ludwig VIII Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1691–1768) | |||||||||||||
| Karoline Luise of Hessen-Darmstadt (1723–1783) | |||||||||||||
| Charlotte von Hanau-Lichtenberg (1700–1726) | |||||||||||||
| Caroline of Baden | |||||||||||||
| Ludwig VIII Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1691–1768) | |||||||||||||
| Louis IX Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1719–1790) | |||||||||||||
| Charlotte von Hanau-Lichtenberg (1700–1726) | |||||||||||||
| Amalie of Hessen-Darmstadt (1754–1832) | |||||||||||||
| Christian III of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (1674–1735) | |||||||||||||
| Caroline of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (1721–1774) | |||||||||||||
| Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1704–1774) | |||||||||||||
Note: Due to inter-family marriages, Landgrave Ludwig VIII of Hessen-Darmstadt and his wife Charlotte are two-time great-grandparents of Karoline.
Honors
After her, the genus of plants is Guilielma Mart. named from the palm family (Arecaceae).
literature
- Manfred Berger : Karoline von Baden. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 23, Bautz, Nordhausen 2004, ISBN 3-88309-155-3 , Sp. 199-207.
- Ernst Gillmann: Ludwig Friedrich Schmidt (1764-1857). The “Cabinet Preacher” of the Bavarian Queen - his early years of apprenticeship in the Birkenfelder Land , in: MONTHS for Evangelical Church History of the Rhineland 53 (2004) 519-530.
- Martha Schad : Bayerns Königinnen , Piper Verlag, 2004
Web links
- Petra Kilgenstein and Wolfgang Schreiner: Kingdom of Bavaria - Queen Caroline. Bayerischer Rundfunk, December 9, 2005, archived from the original on September 30, 2007 ; Retrieved January 25, 2015 .
- Queen Caroline of Bavaria. In: Carolinenkirche. Evangelical Lutheran Church Congregation Munich-Obermenzing, accessed on January 25, 2015 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Martin Elze: The Evangelical Lutheran Church. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 482-494 and 1305 f., Here: p. 486.
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
| Predecessors | Office | Successors |
|---|---|---|
| Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este | Electress of Bavaria and the Palatinate 1799–1806 |
herself as queen |
| she herself as Electress | Queen of Bavaria 1806–1825 |
Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Caroline of Baden |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Karoline Friederike Wilhelmine von Baden; Friederike Caroline Wilhelmine of Baden |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Princess of Baden, by marriage Queen of Bavaria |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 13, 1776 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Karlsruhe |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 13, 1841 |
| Place of death | Munich |