Sachsenhagen moated castle
| Sachsenhagen moated castle | ||
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 Keep with the office building and outbuildings |
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| Creation time : | 1250 | |
| Castle type : | Moated castle | |
| Conservation status: | Partially | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 23 '37.7 " N , 9 ° 15' 57.3" E | |
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The moated castle Sachsenhagen is a former moated castle in Sachsenhagen in Lower Saxony . Duke Albrecht I of Saxony had it built around 1250 to secure his domain and to colonize the Dülwald . The current appearance results from the conversion of the moated castle into a palace around 1600. When it came under the rule of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel in 1665 , the complex increasingly fell into disrepair. The massive keep , an outbuilding and the former office building still exist today.
location
The castle complex is located southeast of Sachsenhagen in the lowland area of the Sachsenhäger Aue near the river. Here was an earlier river crossing of the Aue, on a north-south route connection between Hameln and Nienburg / Weser . The castle grounds, which are about 2.5 meters higher, consist of a plateau of about 100 × 100 meters. Coming from Sachsenhagen, an elevated causeway leads to it. Near the castle there was a bailey about 80 x 50 meters, the buildings of which were demolished over the centuries.
Building description
The current appearance results from the conversion of the moated castle into a palace around 1600 by Count Ernst von Holstein-Schaumburg . Today the castle consists of the keep as well as the former office building and an outbuilding. The three-storey keep is a well-preserved, massive tower with three to four meters thick walls. It has a footprint of 14 x 14 m and a height of 14 m. The facade has a bay window and a toilet bay on the top floor . The office building originally had three floors and previously had a corridor that led to the tower. The remaining buildings of the castle as well as the outer bailey were demolished over time. The former castle area is now used by allotment gardens. The so-called Schlosswiese on the site of the former outer bailey was transformed into a small park in 2012.
history
The moated castle on the Sachsenhägener Aue was built by the Ascanian Albrecht I , Duke of Saxony, in order to expand his territory and to take possession of shares in the Dülwald . That was a contiguous forest area between Bückeburg and the Steinhuder Meer . The castle served as a base for clearing and colonization. After the construction of the castle, the settlement developed over the Sachsenhäger Aue Sachsenhagen . Servants such as castle men , day laborers , craftsmen and also traders settled there. As arable citizens , they mostly had a small amount of arable and livestock farming.
When the diocese of Minden registered sovereign rights for the area around Sachsenhagen in 1253, a settlement was reached between the builder Duke Albrecht I and Bishop Wittekind I of Minden . The duke had to give up the castle and got half of it back as a fief . The bishop placed his castle men at the castle, who had two episcopal castle mansions . Around 1260–1297 Rembert II von Münchhausen and his sons were castle men and bailiffs. In 1391 the outer bailey was mentioned in the Lower Saxony town book. In 1571 the castle was pledged by Count Otto IV von Holstein-Schaumburg to Hermann von Mengersen as the Drost von Rodenberg . In 1595, Count Ernst von Holstein-Schaumburg received Sachsenhagen Castle from his older half-brother Adolf XIV as compensation. He had the moated castle converted into a residential palace. When Count Adolf XIV died in 1601, Count Ernst moved to Stadthagen to take over government affairs over the county of Schaumburg from the castle there .
When Sachsenhagen was destroyed by a major fire in 1619, the castle outside remained undamaged.
Between 1622 and 1634 the castle was the residence of Count Hermann von Schauenburg and Holstein .
Towards the end of the 16th century Sachsenhagen became the residence of non-ruling members of the count's house and finally Wittum (until 1665). After that, the facilities fell into disrepair, of which only the office building and the keep, a residential tower during sieges in the Middle Ages , stood around 1750 .
After the division of the county of Schaumburg in 1665, the castle was under the rule of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel .
To the north opposite the castle was the agricultural domain that determined economic life in Sachsenhagen. In 1877 the domain was auctioned by the community of Sachsenhagen and the land was sold to the citizens; the buildings were rented out. After a fire, the buildings fell into disrepair and were partly demolished.
In 1923 a youth hostel was set up in the upper hall of the keep . In the 1930s, the Association of German Girls used the premises. In the 1960s they were used as a practice room for school sports purposes.
The former office building has been privately owned since 1969 and is used for residential purposes, as is the outbuilding. In the currently (2011) still unrenovated keep, cultural events of the Heimatverein Sachsenhagen-Auhagen take place today.
Archaeological research
When setting up a park on the Schlosswiese as the former outer bailey in 2012, small-scale archaeological investigations were carried out during construction work. This was made possible by excavating the soil for pipeline routes that served as probes for the municipal archeology of the Schaumburg landscape . The ground work was carried out on and on the edge of the raised areas of the main and outer bailey. They provided information about the structure of the two castle mounds. In their peripheral areas, the original ground level was about 1.5 meters lower than today. At the main castle, the floor is around four meters. Ceramic remnants from ovens, as well as from vessels and fragments of roof tiles of the monk and nun type were found under a layer of humus of about half a meter in the culture layers of the soil . The pottery could be dated to the 12th to 16th centuries. When a small area of the subsoil next to the keep was exposed, the archaeologists came across the 1.6 meter thick wall surrounding the castle. In the case of probe cuts on the dam-like elevated access road to the castle, layers of soil from the 16th century were found in the subsoil, which contained former household waste. These included animal bones and fragments of ceramic vessels and glasses.
Keep
Caryatid portal in the Renaissance style on the stair tower
Artfully designed spiral staircase
Upper castle room with fireplace
Office building
literature
- Matthias Blazek: The Grafschaft Schaumburg 1647–1977 . ibidem, Stuttgart 2011, especially p. 13 ISBN 978-3-8382-0257-0
- Hans-Wilhelm Heine : Schaumburger Land - Burgenland , in the series Guide to the Prehistory and Early History of Lower Saxony (29), Oldenburg, 2010, published by the Lower Saxony State Office for Monument Preservation and the Archaeological Commission for Lower Saxony , ISBN 978-3-89995-673- 3
- Jens Berthold , Tobias Gärtner: First archaeological investigations on the castle and market in Sachsenhagen, Ldkr. Schaumburg in: News from Lower Saxony's Prehistory , Volume 82, 2013, pp. 169–187
Web links
- Entry by Stefan Eismann about Wasserburg Sachsenhagen in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Private website with historical and current photos, aerial photos of the castle tower and the office building
- Historical photos, Heimatverein Sachsenhagen
- Historical aerial view
- Castle and local history from the Heimatverein Sachsenhagen (PDF, 265 kB)
- Final report on construction-related investigations at Sachsenhagen Castle by the municipal archeology department of the Schaumburg landscape (pdf; 3.0 MB)
- Photos of the moated castle Sachsenhagen at the photo archive Photo Marburg
Individual evidence
- ^ Journal of the Savigny Foundation for Legal History, Vol. 65, Hermann Böhlau: Weimar 1947, p. 429.