Ernst Martin Chladni

Ernst Martin Chladni (also Chladenius ; born August 6, 1715 in Wittenberg ; † March 4, 1782 ibid) was a German lawyer.

Life

Ernst Martin was born as the son of the professor of theology Martin Chladni and his wife Charitas, the daughter of the Schandau pastor Justus Siber . Chladni received lessons from private tutors and from his brother Johann Martin Chladni . At the age of thirteen he moved to the electoral state school in Pforta , where, under the rectorate of Friedrich Gotthilf Freytag, he acquired extensive knowledge of languages, history, classical writers, in short the whole range of Artes liberalis .

After six years of training at the grammar school, he moved to the philosophical faculty at the University of Wittenberg . His teachers were Andreas Mayer , Johann Matthias Hase and Johann Friedrich Weidler . From Georg Matthias Bose in particular , he got to know the interrelationships of nature and became a daily table-goer with him. Soon, however, he concentrated on studying law under Johann Wilhelm Hoffmann . He mainly dealt with legal history. He was interested in human destinies and social changes, as these often provided the driving force to create new laws.

After the death of Hoffmanns, he switched completely to the law faculty. He attended the lectures by Broke, Albinus, Christoph Ludwig Crell, Leonhard Ludwig Mencke , Gebhard Christian Bastineller and Augustin Leyser . In 1738 he received the position of court master with a noble lady from Lusatia and continued to study. In this way he had gradually opened up the entire field of law. Under the councilor Andreas Florenz Rivinus he received his doctorate on November 21, 1743 as a doctor of both rights. On March 31, 1744, Chladni acquired the license to read aloud for universities as a Magister legens and was under the chairmanship of Bose on April 30 of the same year Magister at the Faculty of Philosophy.

In 1746 he was appointed professor of feudal law, associated with this he was appointed associate associate in the law faculty and associate associate at the Wittenberg court. Since the Saxon authorities in Dresden advised him to keep him at the university, although his lectures received little approval, after the death of Augustin Leyser in 1752 he was given the post of full professor of the institutes and with that he became a full assessor in the court court and at the Schöppenstuhl in Wittenberg .

After he became assessor at the Lower Lusatia regional court in 1754, he rose in the hierarchy of the Faculty of Law as professor of the Pandects in 1759 and thus took over a seat in the spiritual consortium of the university. A further rise took place in 1763 as professor of the decretals . In connection with this he was appointed court and judicial councilor of the Electoral Saxony, became director of the Wittenberg consortium, first assessor at the court court, as well as Schöppenstuhl and full professor of the law faculty. He rejected the appointments made to him at the universities of Greifswald, Helmstedt, Göttingen, Marburg, Halle and a high office in Gdansk, as well as the position of a Reichshofrat in Vienna, which was connected with an imperial nobility. He was a member of the Latin Society of the University of Jena and Greifswald, and a member of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin.

Chladni also took part in the organizational tasks of the academy, he was dean of the law faculty ten times and had also served as rector of the university in the summer semesters of 1757 and 1763.

family

Chladni had married twice. His first marriage was with Johanna Sophia (born May 10, 1735 in Wittenberg † March 6, 1761 ibid), the daughter of the court protector and later lawyer at the Wittenberg Consistory Johann Gottlieb Clement (born November 9, 1692 in Großbothen (?) † 24 December 1759 in Wittenberg) and his wife Anna Sophia, the daughter of Johann Christoph Wichmannshausen . The son Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni is known from this marriage . After the death of his first wife, a few years later he married Elisabeth Johanna Charlotte (1725–1801), the widow of the ducal Württemberg court councilor and heir to Genthe Herr Meinecke.

Works

1. Delineatio aequitatis practoriae. Wittenberg 1737
2. Distriba de gentilitate sive iuribus gentilitiis veterum Romanorum. Wittenberg 1738 also appeared enriched under the title De gentilitate veterum Romanoruni Liber singulam, in quo cum iura, turn historia et fata lamiliarum Romanarum, fide scriptorum, leguin, numismatum, marmorum, aliorumque monumentorum antiquorum illustrantur et cxplicantur. Leipzig 1742
3. Epistola do civilitate ecclcsiastica. Wittenberg 1738
4. Epistola de pinguedine remedioruui iuris. Wittenberg 1740
5. De gentilitate seu juribus gentilitiis veterum Romanorum diatriba Wittenberg 1738 also under the title De gentilitate veterum Romanorum liber singulares. Leipzig 1742
6. Commentatio prima de Senatus - Consulto tacito, ex Antiquitate Romana. Wittenberg 1743
7. Commentatio altera de Senatus - Confulto tacito, ex Antiquitate Romana; in qua sententia nuper exprompta ampliatur et illuitratur. Wittenberg 1743
8. Diss. Inaug. (Paes. Andr. Flor. Rivino) de debitore delicato in contrario siduciae iudicio, ex mente Ulpiani ad L. 25. D. de pignor. act. Wittenberg 1743
9. Diss. De senatusconsulto tacito. Wittenberg 1743
10. Progr. Aditiale de Altaragio eiusquc infeudatione, side canonum scriptorum, praesertim rei diploutaticae. Wittenberg 1747
11. Oratio de gentis Zalusciae oracula rei literariae auspicatissimima. Wittenberg 1747
12. Oratio aditialis de ambitu elegantioris iurisprudentiae. Wittenberg 1747
13. De Gentis Zalusciae oraculis reí litterariae auspicatissimis; Oratio, Varsaviae in certamine litterario recitata. Wittenberg 1747
14. Congratulations, Bibliothecae Zalusciae dedicatio ipsa, the Augusto in fastis sacra celrbranda. Wittenberg 1747
15. Progr. De abusu Bullae Brabantinae, ad illustrandum Pacis Westphalicae Articulum IX. 1. Wittenberg 1748
16. Oratio saecularis, in qua demonstration, Pacem Westphalicam plane inter excmpla haberi. Wittenberg 1748
17. Tractatio, diplomata protectoria intelligi salva iurisdictiona ordinaria cum legum Imperii fundamentalium, tum Actorum publicorum side, praesertim Vero authentica Augustissimorum Caesarum interpretationc firmata. Wittenberg 1750
18. Diss. De iure viduae Doariac, an fit jnerns ufusfructui? Wittenberg 1751
19. Diss. De litteris piomotorialibus Caefarum. Wittenberg 1751
20. Diss. De iure Phasianorum eorumque banno; on the right of pheasants and pheasant enclosures. Wittenberg 1752
21. Diss. De feudis poenae of penal loans. Wittenberg 1754
22. Diss. Ex doctrina de Regalibus capita quaedam. Wittenberg 1757
23. Diss. Ex doctrina de compensationibus, controversa quaedam capita. Wittenberg 1757
24. Diss. Singularia quaedam de Svndicis, et instrumento Syndicatus. Wittenberg 1757
25. Diss. De Rescriptís moratoriis, cursum usurarum non sistentibus: from the letters of courtesy that do not hinder the course of interests. Wittenberg 1757
26. Diss. De inititotione heredis cum maledicto; ad L. 9. §. 8. D, de hered. instit. et L. 48. 1. cod. tit. Wittenberg 1759
27. Diss. De alimentis capita quaedam selecta. Wittenberg 1759
28. Diss. De fama capita quaedam felecta. Wittenberg 1759
29. Diss. De obligatione litteras feudi reversales daudi coheredibus. Wittenberg 1761
30. Diss. De vitrico, tutore privigni minus suspecto. Wittenberg 1761
31. Diss. Observationes quaedam de pacto obstagi. Wittenberg 1761
32. Diss. Ex doctrina de Rescriptis Principum capita quaedam controversa. Wittenberg 1762
33. Diss. De homagio reali. Wittenberg 1762
34. Diss. Ex doctrina de privilegiis capita quaedam controversa. Wittenberg 1763
35. Diss. De incrementis et iuribus mercaturae in Gemiania. Wittenberg 1763
36. Diss. De fideicommisso sub caussa conditionaliter concepta relicto; ex mente Q. Cervidii Scaevolae in L. 80. D. de condit. et deinonstr. Wittenberg 1765
37. Diss. Ex doctrina de spoliis, capita quaedam controversa. Wittenberg 1765
38. Diss. Ex doctrina de Arcbivis, capita quaedam controversa. Wittenberg 1765
39. Diss. Ex doctrina de Magistratibus, capita quaedam controversa. Wittenberg 1765
40. Diss. De revercntia fori. Wittenberg 1767
41. Progr. De reverentia iudicis. Wittenberg 1767
42. Progr. Quanta fides tribuenda sit moribundo? Wittenberg 1767
43. Diss. Ex doctrina de venatione, capita quaedam selecta. Wittenberg 1767
44. Diss. Observationes de compositione amicabili. Wittenberg 1768
45. Progr. De gente Claudia eiusque meritis in iurisprudentiam. Wittenberg 1770
46. Diss. De quaestione: An provocatio ex L. Diffamari in iudicio seculari institui possit, si caussa principalis sit ecclesiastica? Wittenberg 1773
47. Diss. De valore actuum cum se ipso. Wittenberg 1773
48. Diss. De iure applicationis. Wittenberg 1776

literature

• Fritz Juhnke: Album Academiae Vitebergensis Volume 5 Max Niemeyer Verlag Halle (Saale) 1966
• Walter Friedensburg : History of the University of Wittenberg. Verlag Max Niemeyer , Halle (Saale), 1917,
• Nikolaus Müller : The finds in the tower knobs of the town church in Wittenberg. Magdeburg Evangelical Bookstore Ernst Holtermann , 1912
• Johann Georg Meusel : Lexicon of the German writers who died from 1750 to 1800. Gerhard Fleischer the Younger, Leipzig, 1803, Vol. 2, p. 77
• Emil Julius Hugo Steffenhagen:  Chladni, Ernst Martin . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 124.
• Er - Gruber : General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts Part 17 page 15
• Biography of Mr. D. Ernst Martin Chladenius, formerly Churfürstl, Sächsi. Hof and Justitzrathes, the Decretals Prof. PO of the local spiritual consistorii director, and the Faculty of Law Ordinarius and Seniors a. s. w. In: Wittenbergsches Wochenblatt, 1780, p. 145

Web links

• Literature by and about Ernst Martin Chladni in the catalog of the German National Library