First Lateran Council
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1st Council in the Lateran 18. – 27. March 1123 |
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| Accepted by | |
| Convened by | Pope Kalixt II. |
| Bureau | |
| Attendees | about 300–1000 clergy |
| subjects | |
| Documents | |
|---|---|
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17 (according to another tradition 22) canons |
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The First Lateran Council (also First Lateran Synod ) took place in the spring of 1123 under the chairmanship of Pope Kalixt II in the Lateran in Rome . The number of participants is estimated at 300 to 1000 people. Kalixt himself referred to the synod as "concilium generale", but later Roman tradition counts the council as the 9th ecumenical council , although it is not known that representatives of the Eastern Church or imperial ambassadors were present.
Kalixt had called the council on June 25, 1122 because of "various important church matters". The council confirmed the Worms Concordat , which had meanwhile been concluded between Pope and Emperor, and reaffirmed the Church's claim to independence from secular influence. Within the church, the council wanted to counteract the purchasability of orders and improve the customs of the clergy.
decisions
- Canon 1 prohibits religious orders and promotions for money.
- Canon 2 prohibits people excommunicated by the local bishop from being granted ecclesiastical fellowship by other bishops, abbots or clergymen .
- Canon 3 stipulates that only canonically ordained persons may be ordained bishops.
- Canon 4 states that pastoral care offices and benefices may only be given by bishops.
- Canon 5 revokes appointments of antipope Gregory VIII.
- Canon 6 states that only priests may be appointed priests , archpriests and deans , and only deacons may be archdeacons .
- Canon 7 forbids priests, deacons and sub-deacons from living with women unless they are close relatives who do not give rise to suspicion of an illicit lifestyle.
- Canon 8 forbids the assignment of church functions by lay people as sacrilege .
- Canon 9 prohibits connections between blood relatives . Offenders are declared nefarious just like the children from such associations .
- Canon 10 assures crusaders forgiveness of sins and places their abandoned homes and families under special papal protection. Unfulfilled vows to go to Jerusalem or Spain must be fulfilled by Easter next year.
- Canon 11 condemns certain local customs in inheritance law .
- Canon 12 condemns church robbery in certain churches and the development of churches into defensive structures by lay people.
- Canon has 13 Counterfeiting with excommunication .
- Canon 14 also bans the robbery of pilgrims on Rome and the levying of new road tolls .
- Canon 15 confirms the ordinances of the previous popes on the peace of God .
- Canon 16 subordinates the monks to their local bishops and forbids them to administer the sacraments without an episcopal commission.
- Canon 17 has any military attack on the papal city of Benevento with the anathema .
The following canons have survived in some manuscripts:
- Canon 18 stipulates that pastoral posts may only be assigned by bishops and that pastors may only accept the associated tithe and churches with episcopal approval from laypeople.
- Canon 19 confirms easements that monasteries and churches have provided since Gregory VII and denies abbots and monks the possession of churches and bishops after thirty years.
- Canon 20 places clergy and church property under special protection.
- Canon 21 prohibits clerics from marrying and cohabiting . Marriages that have already been concluded are dissolved.
- Canon 22 condemns acquisitions by schismatic bishops of the Ravenna Exarchate .
literature
- Giuseppe Alberigo et aliis (eds.): Conciliorum oecumenicorum decreta . 3. Edition. Bologna 1973, p. 187-194 (Latin).
- Georg Gresser : The synods and councils of the time of the reform papacy in Germany and Italy by Leo IX. to Calixt II (1049-1123). In: Walter Brandmüller (Ed.): Council history. Paderborn 2006, 476-490.