Esparsettes
Esparsettes | ||||||||||||
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Seed Esparsette ( Onobrychis viciifolia ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Onobrychis | ||||||||||||
Mill. |
The Esparsettes ( Onobrychis ) are a genus of plants in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae), i.e. relatives of the pea.
The approximately 130 species are native to Europe , North Africa , Central Asia and Asia Minor . Some species are used as fodder crops for livestock.
The word Esparsetten comes from Esparcette (French word derived from Provencal esparceto , further origin uncertain). Esparcet (te) means sweet clover. Esparsettes are also called healthy hay (as in French, sainfoin ).
Esparsettes were important and very nutritious forage crops for hard-working horses in European agriculture. Since these horses were replaced by tractors , they have rarely been grown.
The Esparsettes are among the food plants of the caterpillars of the Esparsette Ram (Zygaena carniolica). The Esparsette is considered a pointer plant for an alkaline soil reaction.
description
Appearance and leaves
Onobrychis species grow as rarely annual, mostly perennial herbaceous plants , rarely as subshrubs .
The alternate leaves consist of a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blade is pinnate unpaired. The leaflets are opposite to each other on the rachis. The edges of the leaflets are smooth. The base of the two dry-skinned stipules is mostly fused with each other and with the petiole; There are no stipules of the leaflets.
Inflorescences and flowers
The pendant standing on a long inflorescence stem traubigen inflorescences contain many flowers. The bracts and bracts are small.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth (perianth). The five sepals are fused bell-shaped. The five petals stand together with the typical structure of the butterflies . The flags are nailed narrow to short. The colors of the petals range from purple to pink-purple and light yellow, often with darker nerves. The wings are sometimes greatly reduced. The shuttle has a more or less trimmed front edge. The filaments of the nine or all ten stamens are fused together. The dust bags are all the same. The seated, single upper carpel contains one or two ovules . The thin stylus ends in a cephalic scar.
Fruits and seeds
The flattened, almost spherical legumes usually only consist of one fruit chamber. The fruits remain closed even when fully ripe and contain one or two seeds. The bald or hairy surface of the fruit has clearly raised nerves and is usually prickly. The more or less kidney-shaped seeds have a small hilum .
Systematics
The genus Onobrychis was in 1754 by Philip Miller in The Gardeners Dictionary ... Abridged .... . 4th edition, Volume 2 prepared. Synonyms for Onobrychis Mill. Are Dendrobrychis Galushko and Xanthobrychis Galushko . The genus Onobrychis belongs to the tribe Hedysareae in the subfamily Faboideae within the family Fabaceae .
The genus Onobrychis contains about 130 species:
- Onobrychis acaulis Bornm.
- Jagged Esparsette ( Onobrychis aequidentata (Sm.) D'Urv. )
- Onobrychis afghanica Sirj. & Rech. F.
- Onobrychis alatavica Bajtenov
- Onobrychis alba (Waldst. & Kit.) Desv.
- Onobrychis aliacmonia Rech. F.
- Onobrychis altissima Grossh.
- Onobrychis alyassinicus Parsa
- Onobrychis amoena Popov & Vved.
- Onobrychis andalanica Bornm.
- Onobrychis angustifolia Chinth.
- Sand Esparsette ( Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC. )
- Onobrychis argyrea Boiss.
- Onobrychis arnacantha Boiss.
- Onobrychis atropatana Boiss.
- Onobrychis aucheri Boiss.
- Onobrychis baldshuanica Sirj.
- Onobrychis bertiscea Sirj. & Rech. F.
- Onobrychis bicornis Vassilcz.
- Onobrychis biebersteinii Sirj.
- Onobrychis bobrovii Grossh.
- Onobrychis buhseana Boiss.
- Onobrychis bungei Boiss.
- Onobrychis cadevallii Jahand. & al.
- Cockscomb sasparsette ( Onobrychis caput-galli (L.) Lam. )
- Onobrychis chorassanica Boiss.
- Onobrychis conferta (Desf.) Desv.
- Onobrychis cornuta (L.) Desv.
- Onobrychis crista-galli (L.) Lam.
- Onobrychis cyri Grossh.
- Onobrychis daghestanica Grossh.
- Onobrychis darwasica Vassilcz.
- Onobrychis dealbata stocks
- Onobrychis degenii Dorfl.
- Onobrychis depauperata Boiss.
- Onobrychis dielsii (Sirj.) Vassilcz.
- Onobrychis Ebenoides Boiss. & Spruner
- Onobrychis echidna Lipsky
- Onobrychis elymaitiaca Boiss. & Hausskn.
- Onobrychis eubrychidea Boiss.
- Onobrychis fallax Freyn & Sint.
- Onobrychis ferganica (Sirj.) Grossh.
- Onobrychis freitagii Rech. F.
- Onobrychis galegifolia Boiss.
- Onobrychis gaubae Bornm.
- Onobrychis gontscharovii Vassilcz.
- Onobrychis gracilis Better
- Onobrychis grandis Lipsky
- Onobrychis grossheimii B. Fedsch.
- Onobrychis gypsicola Rech. F.
- Onobrychis hajastana Grossh.
- Onobrychis hamata Vassilcz.
- Onobrychis haussknechtii Boiss.
- Onobrychis heliocarpa Boiss.
- Onobrychis heterophylla C.A.Mey.
- Onobrychis Hohenackerana C.A.Mey.
- Onobrychis humilis (Loefl.) G.Lopez
- Onobrychis hypargyrea Boiss.
- Onobrychis iberica Grossh.
- Onobrychis inermis Steven
- Onobrychis iranica Bornm.
- Onobrychis iranshahrii Rech. F.
- Onobrychis jailae Czernova
- Onobrychis kabylica (Bornm.) Sirj.
- Onobrychis kachetica Boiss. & Buhse
- Onobrychis kemulariae Chinth.
- Onobrychis kermanensis (Sirj. & Rech. F.) Rech. F.
- Onobrychis kluchorica Chinth.
- Onobrychis komarovii Grossh.
- Onobrychis kotschyana Fenzl
- Onobrychis lahidjanicus Parsa
- Onobrychis laxiflora Baker
- Onobrychis longipes bunge
- Onobrychis lunata Boiss.
- Onobrychis luristanica Rech. F.
- Onobrychis macrorrhiza Rech. F.
- Onobrychis major (Boiss.) Hand.-Mazz.
- Onobrychis majorovii Grossh.
- Onobrychis mazanderanica Rech. F.
- Onobrychis megalobotrys Aitch. & Hemsl.
- Onobrychis megaloptera Kovalevsk.
- Onobrychis megataphros Boiss.
- Onobrychis melanotricha Boiss.
- Onobrychis mermuelleri Podlech & Rech. F.
- Onobrychis meschetica Grossh.
- Onobrychis michauxii DC.
- Onobrychis micrantha Schrenk
- Onobrychis microptera Baker
- Mountain Esparsette ( Onobrychis montana DC. )
- Onobrychis nemecii Sirj.
- Onobrychis nikitinii Orazm.
- Onobrychis novopokrovskii Vassilcz.
- Onobrychis nummularia Boiss.
- Onobrychis oxyodonta Boiss.
- Onobrychis oxyptera Boiss.
- Onobrychis oxytropoides Bunge
- Onobrychis pallasii (Willd.) M.Bieb.
- Onobrychis pallida Boiss. & Kotschy
- Onobrychis paucidentata pomel
- Onobrychis persica Sirj. & Rech. F.
- Onobrychis petraea (Willd.) Fish.
- Onobrychis pindicola Hausskn.
- Onobrychis plantago Bornm.
- Onobrychis poikilantha Rech. F.
- Onobrychis psoraleifolia Boiss.
- Onobrychis ptolemaica (Delile) DC.
- Onobrychis ptychophylla Sirj. & Rech. F.
- Onobrychis pulchella Schrenk
- Onobrychis pyrenaica (Sennen) Sirj.
- Onobrychis radiata (Desf.) M.Bieb.
- Onobrychis rechingerorum Wendelbo
- Onobrychis reuteri Leresche
- Onobrychis ruprechtii Grossh.
- Onobrychis samanganica Rech. F.
- Onobrychis saravschanica B. Fedsch .
- Onobrychis sauzakensis Sirj. & Rech. F.
- Onobrychis saxatilis (L.) Lam.
- Onobrychis schahuensis Bornm.
- Onobrychis schuschajensis O.D.Agajeva
- Onobrychis scrobiculata Boiss.
- Onobrychis sennenii Sirj.
- Onobrychis shahpurensis Rech. F.
- Onobrychis sintenisii Bornm.
- Onobrychis sirdjanicus Parsa
- Onobrychis sojakii Rech. F.
- Onobrychis sphaciotica Greuter
- Onobrychis spinosissima Baker
- Onobrychis splendida Rech. F. & Podlech
- Onobrychis stenorhiza DC.
- Onobrychis stewartii Baker
- Onobrychis subacaulis Boiss.
- Onobrychis subnitens Bornm.
- Onobrychis supina (Vill.) DC.
- Onobrychis susiana Nabelek
- Onobrychis szovitsii Boiss.
- Onobrychis talagonica Rech. F.
- Onobrychis tavernieraefolia Boiss.
- Onobrychis tesquicola Krytzka
- Onobrychis tournefortii (Willd.) Desv.
- Onobrychis transcaspica V.V. Nikitin
- Onobrychis transcaucasica Grossh.
- Onobrychis vaginalis C.A.Mey.
- Onobrychis vassilczenkoi Grossh.
- Onobrychis verae Sirj.
- Saat-Esparsette or Lining-Esparsette ( Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. )
- Onobrychis wettsteinii Nabelek
swell
- Langran Xu & Byoung-Hee Choi: Onobrychis , pp. 525-526 - Online : In: Flora of China , Volume 10, 2010. (Section description, distribution and systematics)
- Robert Hegnauer: Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen , Volume XIB-2, Springer, 2001. ISBN 3-7643-5862-9 ( Onobrychis : Page 241-244) google-books Online.
- S. Ahangarian, S. Kazempour Osaloo & AA Maassoumi: Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Hedysareae with special reference to Onobrychis (Fabaceae) as inferred from nrDNA ITS sequences , In: Iranian Journal of Botany , 13, 2007, pp. 64-74.
- SI Ali: Papilionaceae : Onobrychis in the Flora of Pakistan .
- Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : Kosmos-Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora . Franckh Kosmos Verlag Stuttgart 1994. ISBN 3-440-06223-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ True: GERMAN DICTIONARY, 6th, revised edition. Based on the new official spelling rules, Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh 1997, ISBN 3-577-10677-8
- ↑ Onobrychis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Onobrychis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Enter Onobrychis in the search mask.