Esparsettes

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Esparsettes
Seed Esparsette (Onobrychis viciifolia)

Seed Esparsette ( Onobrychis viciifolia )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Genre : Esparsettes
Scientific name
Onobrychis
Mill.

The Esparsettes ( Onobrychis ) are a genus of plants in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae), i.e. relatives of the pea.

The approximately 130 species are native to Europe , North Africa , Central Asia and Asia Minor . Some species are used as fodder crops for livestock.

The word Esparsetten comes from Esparcette (French word derived from Provencal esparceto , further origin uncertain). Esparcet (te) means sweet clover. Esparsettes are also called healthy hay (as in French, sainfoin ).

Esparsettes were important and very nutritious forage crops for hard-working horses in European agriculture. Since these horses were replaced by tractors , they have rarely been grown.

The Esparsettes are among the food plants of the caterpillars of the Esparsette Ram (Zygaena carniolica). The Esparsette is considered a pointer plant for an alkaline soil reaction.

description

Illustration of the Seed Esparsette ( Onobrychis viciifolia )

Appearance and leaves

Onobrychis species grow as rarely annual, mostly perennial herbaceous plants , rarely as subshrubs .

The alternate leaves consist of a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blade is pinnate unpaired. The leaflets are opposite to each other on the rachis. The edges of the leaflets are smooth. The base of the two dry-skinned stipules is mostly fused with each other and with the petiole; There are no stipules of the leaflets.

Inflorescences and flowers

Inflorescence of the Saat-Esparsette ( Onobrychis viciifolia ) with flowers in detail, the darker nerves in the pink petals are clearly visible.

The pendant standing on a long inflorescence stem traubigen inflorescences contain many flowers. The bracts and bracts are small.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth (perianth). The five sepals are fused bell-shaped. The five petals stand together with the typical structure of the butterflies . The flags are nailed narrow to short. The colors of the petals range from purple to pink-purple and light yellow, often with darker nerves. The wings are sometimes greatly reduced. The shuttle has a more or less trimmed front edge. The filaments of the nine or all ten stamens are fused together. The dust bags are all the same. The seated, single upper carpel contains one or two ovules . The thin stylus ends in a cephalic scar.

Pulses of Onobrychis typologies:
(1) Onobrychis hypargyrea , (2) Onobrychis pallasii , (3) Onobrychis radiata , (4) Onobrychis petraea , (5) Onobrychis supina , (6) Onobrychis gracilis , (7) Onobrychis stenorhiza , (8 ) Onobrychis alba subsp. calcarea , (9) Onobrychis humilis subsp. humilis , (10) Onobrychis conferta subsp. hispanica , (11) Onobrychis montana (12) Onobrychis arenaria subsp. tommasinii , (13) Onobrychis oxyodonta , (14) Onobrychis inermis , (15) Onobrychis caput-galli , (16) Onobrychis aequidentata

Fruits and seeds

The flattened, almost spherical legumes usually only consist of one fruit chamber. The fruits remain closed even when fully ripe and contain one or two seeds. The bald or hairy surface of the fruit has clearly raised nerves and is usually prickly. The more or less kidney-shaped seeds have a small hilum .

Systematics

The genus Onobrychis was in 1754 by Philip Miller in The Gardeners Dictionary ... Abridged .... . 4th edition, Volume 2 prepared. Synonyms for Onobrychis Mill. Are Dendrobrychis Galushko and Xanthobrychis Galushko . The genus Onobrychis belongs to the tribe Hedysareae in the subfamily Faboideae within the family Fabaceae .

Habitus, leaves and inflorescences of the Sand Esparsette ( Onobrychis arenaria )
Onobrychis argentea
Habit and flowers of Onobrychis cornuta
Habit, leaves and inflorescences of Onobrychis montana
Habit, leaves and inflorescences of Onobrychis saxatilis

The genus Onobrychis contains about 130 species:

Berlin welfare stamp from 1977

swell

  • Langran Xu & Byoung-Hee Choi: Onobrychis , pp. 525-526 - Online : In: Flora of China , Volume 10, 2010. (Section description, distribution and systematics)
  • Robert Hegnauer: Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen , Volume XIB-2, Springer, 2001. ISBN 3-7643-5862-9 ( Onobrychis : Page 241-244) google-books Online.
  • S. Ahangarian, S. Kazempour Osaloo & AA Maassoumi: Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Hedysareae with special reference to Onobrychis (Fabaceae) as inferred from nrDNA ITS sequences , In: Iranian Journal of Botany , 13, 2007, pp. 64-74.
  • SI Ali: Papilionaceae : Onobrychis in the Flora of Pakistan .
  • Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : Kosmos-Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora . Franckh Kosmos Verlag Stuttgart 1994. ISBN 3-440-06223-6

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ True: GERMAN DICTIONARY, 6th, revised edition. Based on the new official spelling rules, Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh 1997, ISBN 3-577-10677-8
  2. ↑ Onobrychis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ^ Onobrychis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  4. ↑ Enter Onobrychis in the search mask.

Web links

Commons : Esparsettes ( Onobrychis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files