Étienne Gilson

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Étienne Henry Gilson (born June 13, 1884 in Paris , † September 19, 1978 in Auxerre , Yonne Department ) was a French philosopher and historian .

origin

Étienne Henri Gilson is born the third of five children. His parents were the married couple Paul Anthelme Gilson (born 1838 in Melun , Département Seine-et-Marne ) and Caroline Juliette Rainaud (born 1851 in Cravant , Département Yonne ) on June 13, 1884 in Paris , arrondissement du Palais Bourbon (No. 7) . His father was a hosiery dealer ( marchand bonnetier ) there.

Life

Gilson received his first schooling, on the advice of the Abbé Escaré , the priest who baptized him, from 1890 to 1895 through the lay brotherhood , congregation , the Frères des écoles chrétiennes , Fratres Scholarum Christianarum , which was also named after its founder Johannes Baptist de La Salle ( 1651–1719) called Lasallians , in a school called Sainte-Clotilde , located in the same arrondissement. Gilson then attended the petit séminaire ( diocesan seminary ) of Notre-Dame-des-Champs , Arrondissement du Luxembourg (No. 6) from 1895 to 1902 . On it he received lessons in classical, rhetorical, literary, musical (under the direction of Abbé Victor Thorelle ) and religious studies. In 1902 Gilson moved into the Lycée Henri IV , where he spent a year in the philosophy class . At the Lycée Henri IV, the philosopher Georges Hector René Dereux , b. 1845 to Valenciennes, Département Nord, the teacher Jacques Maritains (1882–1972) at the same lyceum that shaped Gilson. At the same time as his philosophical instruction at the Lycée Henri IV, he attended lectures by Henri Bergson (1859–1941), who taught at the Collège de France . For Gilson, Henri Bergson was “a revelation. For the first time he met a great metaphysician “After completing his one-year high school philosophy course at the Lycée Henri IV, he was awarded the Baccalaureat ès lettres-philosophie . After completing his obligatory military service in Normandy , Gilson took up a degree in philosophy at the Sorbonne in 1904 . His teachers are Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (1857–1939), Émile Durkheim (1858–1917), Frédéric Rauh (1861–1909), Victor Delbos (1862–1916), Léon Brunschvicg (1869–1944) and Marcel Mauss (1872– 1950). He left the Sorbonne with the Agrégation de philosophie des Ministère d'Instruction Publique in 1907.

Gilson was professor of philosophy in Lille in 1913/1914 , and from 1919 in Strasbourg after participating in the war and imprisonment . From 1921 to 1932 he taught history of philosophy at the Sorbonne in Paris , and from 1926 to 1928 at the same time at Harvard University . In 1927 he was elected to the British Academy and in 1929 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . From 1932 he was a professor at the Collège de France in Paris. He also taught in Toronto . Since 1946 he was a member of the Académie française and since 1948 of the American Philosophical Society . He is considered one of the leading explorers of the medieval spiritual world.

Gilson rejected the term scholasticism as a heading for medieval philosophy , since it could not be grasped under any content-related bracket because of its diversity. He recognized the only common ground in their connection to Revelation (that is, knowledge beyond natural reason through communication of God in the Bible and tradition ) and therefore called it " Christian philosophy ". The examination of the history of philosophy was already philosophy, since this examination has always included one's own thinking and at least tries to make a judgment. His not only historical but also systematic interest in philosophy is particularly evident in L'esprit de la philosophie mèdiévale .

Gilson is one of the best-known representatives of the neo-Thomism of the philosophical approach of, Thomas Aquinas establishes the modern answer questions or sought to reject the modern answers.

Works

  • Index scolastico-cartésien. Paris 1913. Petite thèse pour le doctorat présentée à la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Paris.
  • La liberté chez Descartes et la théologie. Paris 1913. Sous le titre: La doctrine cartésienne de la liberté et la théologie. En tant que Grande thèse pour le doctorat présentée à la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Paris.
  • Le thomisme. Introduction au système de Saint Thomas d'Aquin. Strasbourg 1921.
  • La philosophie au moyen age. 2 vol. Paris 1922. Vol. 1: De Scot Érigène à Saint Bonaventure. Vol. 2: De Saint Thomas d'Aquin à Guillaume d'Occam.
  • La philosophie de Saint Bonaventure. Paris 1924.
  • Introduction à l'étude de Saint Augustin. Paris 1929.
  • Etudes sur le rôle de la pensée médiévale dans la formation du système cartésien. Paris 1930.
  • L'esprit de la philosophie médiévale. Gifford lectures. 2 Vol. Paris 1932.
  • Les idées et les lettres. Paris 1932.
  • Pour un ordre catholique. Paris 1934.
  • La théologie mystique de Saint Bernard. Paris 1934.
  • Christianisme et philosophy. Paris 1936.
  • Le réalisme méthodique. Paris 1936.
  • The unity of philosophical experience. New York 1937.
  • Héloise et Abélard. Paris 1938.
  • Reason and revelation in the Middle Ages. The Richards lecture in the University of Virginia. New York 1938.
  • Dante et la philosophy. Paris 1939.
  • Realism thomiste et critique de la connaissance. Paris 1939.
  • La philosophie au moyen age. Des origines patristique à la fin du XIVe siècle. Deuxième édition, review and augmentée. Paris 1944.
  • Le thomisme. Introduction à la philosophy de Saint Thomas d'Aquin. Cinquième édition, review and augmentée. Paris 1944.
  • L'être et l'essence. Paris 1948.
  • Being and some philosophers. Toronto 1949.
  • L'école des muses. Paris 1951.
  • Jean Duns Scot. Introduction à ses positions fondamentales. Paris 1952.
  • Les métamorphoses de la cité de Dieu. Louvain 1952.
  • History of christian philosophy in the Middle Ages. New York 1955.
  • The christian philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. With a catalog of St. Thomas' works by IT Eschmann. Transl. by Laurence K. Shook. New York 1956.
  • Painting and reality. New York 1957.
  • Peinture et réalité. Paris 1958.
  • Elements of christian philosophy. Garden City 1960.
  • Introduction à la Philosophie Chrétienne. Paris 1960.
  • Le philosophe et la théologie. Paris 1960.
  • Introduction aux arts du beau. Paris 1963.
  • Modern philosophy. Descartes to Kant. By Étienne Gilson and Thomas Langan. New York 1963.
  • Matières et formes. Poiëtiques particulières des arts majeurs. Paris 1964.
  • Recent philosophy. From Hegel to the present. By Étienne Gilson, Thomas Langan, and Armand Maurer. New York 1966.
  • La société de masse et sa culture. Paris 1967.
  • Les tribulations de Sophie. Paris 1967.
  • Linguistique et philosophie. Essai sur les constantes philosophiques du langage. Paris 1969.
  • D'Aristote à Darwin and back. Essai sur quelques constantes de la biophilosophie. Paris 1971.
  • Dante and Béatrice. Études dantesques. Paris 1974.
  • L'athéisme difficile. Préface de Henri Gouhier. Paris 1979.
  • Constantes philosophiques de l'être. Avant-propos de Jean-François Courtine. Paris 1983.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. cf. H. Dereux: La psychologie appliquée à l'éducation d'après Herbart. Revue pédagogique. Nouvelle série. Premier article. Tome XVI. 1890. p. 385-402. Deuxième article. Tome XVI. 1890. p. 497-513. Troisième article. Tome XVII. 1890. p. 37-55. Quatrième article. Tome XVII. 1890. p. 135-153. Cinquième article. Tome XVII. 1890. p. 505-519. Sixième article. Tome XVIII. 1891. p. 136-149. The article. Tome XVIII. 1891. p. 216-232.
  2. Armand Maurer : Étienne Gilson 1884–1987 Christian Philosophy in Catholic Thought , Volume 2: Recourse to Scholastic Heritage. Graz 1988. p. 519.
  3. ^ Deceased Fellows. British Academy, accessed June 1, 2020 .
  4. ^ Member History: Étienne Gilson. American Philosophical Society, accessed August 20, 2018 .