Eurycorymbus cavaleriei

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Eurycorymbus cavaleriei
Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Sapindales (Sapindales)
Family : Soap tree family (Sapindaceae)
Subfamily : Dodonaeoideae
Genre : Eurycorymbus
Type : Eurycorymbus cavaleriei
Scientific name of the  genus
Eurycorymbus
Hand.-Mazz.
Scientific name of the  species
Eurycorymbus cavaleriei
( H.Lév. ) Rehder & Hand.-Mazz.

Eurycorymbus cavaleriei is the only kind of monotypic genus Eurycorymbus within the family of the soap tree plants (Sapindaceae). It occurs in southern China and Taiwan and is called 伞 花木 san hua mu there.

description

Appearance and leaf

Eurycorymbus cavaleriei grows as a deciduous tree and reaches heights of up to 20 meters. The bark is gray. The bark of the stem-round branches is hairy tomentose.

The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into petioles and leaf blades and a total of 14 to 45 centimeters long. The pair of pinnate leaf blades has four to ten leaflets arranged almost opposite one another. The rhachis leaf is softly hairy when pressed. The stalks of the leaflets are no more than 1 centimeter long. The thin, parchment-like leaflets are 7 to 11 centimeters long and 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters wide, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate with a broad, wedge-shaped base, a pointed upper end and a serrated edge. About 16 pairs of thin lateral nerves are densely arranged on each leaflet. The underside of the leaf is almost bald or softly hairy on the middle nerve and on the upper side of the leaf only hairy on the middle nerve. There are no stipules .

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period in China extends from May to June. Eurycorymbus cavaleriei is dioeciously segregated ( diocesan ). In terminal or at the branch end lateral, spherical, thyrsen-shaped inflorescences , many flowers stand close together. The inflorescence axes are hairy tomentose. The bracts and bracts are very small. The flower stalks are 2 to 5 millimeters long.

The fragrant, unisexual flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five thin-skinned sepals that overlap like roof tiles are egg-shaped with a length of 1 to 1.5 millimeters and tomentose on the underside. The five petals are nailed short with a length of 2 millimeters, spoon-shaped and shaggy hairy on the underside. The rim of the annular disc is notched. In male flowers there are usually eight, rarely seven stamens that protrude above the corolla. The thin, bare stamens are 4 millimeters long. The small anthers are egg-shaped. In the female flowers are usually three, rarely four carpels upside-heart-shaped one, Upper permanent, usually three, rarely vierkammerigen ovary grown; this is tomentose. There are two ovules in each ovary chamber . The stylus inserted between the ovary lobes is thread-shaped and upright.

Fruit and seeds

In China, the fruits ripen in October. The loculicidal capsule fruit is deeply divided into three, rarely four partial fruits. But usually only one or rarely two of them develop into a fertile partial fruit with a length of about 8 millimeters and a diameter of about 7 millimeters broadly ovoid or broadly ellipsoidal, tomentose-haired. The pericarp is leathery. The partial fruit opens when ripe and contains only one seed. The almost spherical seed has a black, rigid seed coat (testa). The little hilum is vermilion. The embryo is curled up.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.

Occurrence and endangerment

Eurycorymbus cavaleriei occurs in the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , Hunan , Jiangxi , Sichuan as well as Yunnan and in Taiwan . It thrives in laurel forests at altitudes between 300 and 1400 meters.

In 1998, Eurycorymbus cavaleriei was rated in the IUCN's red list of endangered species as “near threatened” and should be updated. Habitat losses can be seen in the entire distribution area. Some locations are in protected areas.

Systematics

It was first described in 1912 by Augustin Abel Hector Léveillé under the name ( Basionym ) Rhus cavaleriei in Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis , Volume 10, (263-265) pp. 474-475. The genus Eurycorymbus was created in 1922 by Heinrich von Handel-Mazzetti in the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna. Mathematics and science class. Indicator. 59, p. 104 with the type species Eurycorymbus austrosinensis Hand.-Mazz. set up. Alfred Rehder and Heinrich Freiherr von Handel-Mazzetti gave this species the name Eurycorymbus cavaleriei Rehder & Hand.-Mazz in 1934 . in Journal of the Arnold Arboretum , Volume 15, Issue 1, p. 8. Eurycorymbus austrosinensis Hand.-Mazz. is a synonym of Eurycorymbus cavaleriei (H.Lév.) Rehder & Hand.-Mazz.

Eurycorymbus cavaleriei is the only species of the genus Eurycorymbus and since 2005 in the subfamily Dodonaeoideae within the family Sapindaceae .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Nianhe Xia & Paul A. Gadek: Sapindaceae : Genus Eurycorymbus and Species Eurycorymbus cavaleriei , p. 8 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong ( Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 11 - Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2008. ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3
  2. ↑ Eurycorymbus cavaleriei at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ Eurycorymbus cavaleriei in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013. Posted by: World Conservation Monitoring Center, 1998. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  4. ↑ Léveillé scanned into biodiversitylibrary.org .
  5. ^ Rehder scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1934 .
  6. ↑ Eurycorymbus cavaleriei at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 9, 2013.
  7. ↑ Mark G. Harrington, Karen J. Edwards, Sheila A. Johnson, Mark W. Chase & Paul A. Gadek: Phylogenetic inference in Sapindaceae sensu lato using plastid matK and rbcL DNA sequences , In: Systematic Botany , Volume 30, Issue 2 , 2005, pp. 366-382. doi : 10.1600 / 0363644054223549

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