Evangelical Church (Ebsdorf)

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Church in Ebsdorf from the south
View from the southeast

The Evangelical Church in Ebsdorf in the municipality of Ebsdorfergrund in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district ( Hesse ) is a largely Romanesque church from around 1200 that has been rebuilt several times. The three-sided east end and the characteristic spire with its four wichhouses date from the late Gothic period . The fortified church, which is listed for historical, urban and artistic reasons, is the oldest building in the town and shapes its image.

history

The church in Ebsdorf was built around 1200 with a low tower and a low, vaulted nave in two construction phases. It must have had a previous building, as Ebsdorf can already be traced back to 1151 as the mother church with several clergy, when the subsidiary community of Beltershausen was separated. The expansion into a fortified complex took place around 1250. The tower was raised, the Romanesque round arches walled up and a ribbed vault drawn into the second floor. Only the arch on the east side was later exposed again. As a conclusion, the tower was given an open weir plate with battlements and gargoyles. At the end of the 15th century, the east end was renewed in the late Gothic style and a higher choir was added. The originally open defensive plate was crenellated, but received its spire with four guard houses in the late Gothic period, which was renewed in the 17th century.

In the late Middle Ages, the place formed a send district that belonged to the Amöneburg deanery of St. Stephan in the diocese of Mainz .

With the introduction of the Reformation , the place changed from 1527 under Pastor Conrad Schneider, who worked in Ebsdorf until 1537, to the evangelical confession and became the landgrave patron. Hachborn was parish in Ebsdorf since 1528. In 1577 the places Leidenhofen, Ilschhausen, Heskem, Dreihausen, Roßberg and Bortshausen belonged to the parish of Ebsdorf. In 1609 the parish joined the Reformed faith and became Lutheran again in 1624. During the Thirty Years War , the church and its furnishings were damaged, as indicated by an inscription on the building: “CHRISTE TVVM VERBVM TVA GLORIA / CHRISTE RECREATOR COMPVLIT AD AEDES SIC RENOVARE POTUERAS” (Christ, through your word and your glory you made it, Christ, you risen to renew the church).

According to a design by master bricklayer Christian Schoen, it was converted into a baroque hall church from 1743 to 1745: the church was raised to the same height as the choir and united under a common roof. Larger windows were broken into on the long sides and a new entrance was created with the south portal. The old vaults in the nave and the choir arch were broken out and the floor was raised by 1.50 meters from the rubble. Schoen had a wooden barrel moved in and built in two-story galleries.

A comprehensive renovation took place in 1900 under the architect August Dauber. In 1919/1920 a sacristy was added on the north side of the choir. The former Gothic outer portal was used for this. A plaster vault was drawn into the choir and sacristy.

In 1977/1978 the church was renovated in several stages. In 1977 the late Gothic lead glass windows were repaired and the lead bars reinforced. The neo-Gothic reticulated vaults in the choir and sacristy were removed and the baroque painting of the ceilings, galleries and columns exposed. By removing the choir step, the level was adjusted to the nave and the hall-like character as in the Baroque was restored. The Gothic baptismal font in the cemetery found its place in the church again and was provided with a grid and a baptismal bowl. The floor was re-covered with sandstone slabs. The windows in the nave were given antique glass with hexagonal panes like in the baroque period.

After the political community and the state of Hesse had assumed responsibility for the construction and maintenance of the church buildings for centuries, the community bought itself free from the construction burden in 2004-2013 . The Evangelical Church of Kurhessen-Waldeck has been responsible for the building since 2014 . As part of a renovation in 2018, cracks in the masonry were filled, the roof beams were refurbished, the roof was re-slated and the church ceiling was cleaned. The renovation of the outer walls is to follow in a further construction phase in 2019.

architecture

Northeast side of the church
Mary's Bell from 1489

The roughly east-facing church is slightly raised at a representative location in the center of the village. The tower and nave are plastered white, only the walls , the eaves cornice and the red sandstone corner blocks on the nave, choir and sacristy are left out. The building is surrounded by a fortified cemetery with high circular walls made of unplastered quarry stone masonry, into which two sandstone portals with straight lintels are let. The pincer walls of the original gates are still preserved.

The solidly walled up, undivided defensive tower in the southwest stands in the wall connection with the ship. The projection of the wall in the west is interpreted by assuming two construction phases. The basement with groin vaults and the middle floor date from the Romanesque period. The arched sound opening is only exposed to the east; the Romanesque openings are walled up on the other sides. The early Gothic fortified floor was rebuilt in the 15th century. Since then, a slate octagonal pointed helmet, crowned by a tower knob, cross and weathercock, has covered the tower shaft. Four polygonal wichhouses are placed on the corners of the pointed helmet, each with two arched openings and a small octagonal pointed helmet with a spherical point. The bell chamber houses a triple bell. In addition to a bell from 1968, foundry bell and art foundry Rincker in sense , sound fis 1 , and in dis one sounding cast steel bell that Buderus after the First World War, has cast a medieval Marie bell from 1489 is obtained, which the percussive gis one has . The three-circle pilgrim's mark shows a Pietà in the lower part and the coat display according to the Aachen rite in the upper circle .

The core of the nave dates from around 1200, as indicated by the walled-in Romanesque arched portals in the west of the two long sides. The old south portal is decorated with scale-like ornamental bands. The interior is lit in the south by three and in the north by two slender arched windows with cloaks that were broken into in the 1740s and give the nave its baroque character. The middle south window does not reach down as far as the two flanking windows, as the high rectangular south portal is let in here. The portal has a profiled garment over cube-shaped bases. The west side also has a rectangular portal.

The three-sided east end is the same width as the ship and was significantly higher than the ship before the ship was increased. The choir is lit through four pointed-arched tracery windows, the east window has three lanes and is flanked by a two-lane window to the north and two two-lane windows to the south, whose arched fields are designed differently. Inside, the choir windows are structured by what remained of the services , three-quarter columns on which the stone vault originally rested. The stained glass are still original from the Gothic period.

Furnishing

Gothic baptismal font
View of the organ gallery
17th century pulpit
Altar with crucifix of the 17th century

Since the renovation in 1745, the interior of the nave and choir has been closed off by a wooden cove ceiling showing a blue, starry sky with clouds. In the choir, six angels dating from the construction period (15th century) are painted over the stumps of the services and between the windows, which are surrounded by floral tendrils and butterflies. Three of them stand for the evangelists Matthew, Mark and Luke. Above the east window, the lower part of a Gothic representation of the Pantocrator can be seen, which is cut from the wooden ceiling. A three-sided gallery from 1745 is built into the nave, which rests on octagonal wooden posts with bows and ashlar painting. Its parapet has simple coffered panels, the wood grain painting of which was restored in the 1970s. On the long sides, the columns continue to the upper gallery, which are accessible from the west gallery. In contrast to the lower one, the upper parapet has openwork latticework. The west gallery serves as the installation site for the organ. The floor in the choir is covered with the old sandstone slabs, the nave received new slabs.

The solidly walled block altar is raised by one step. It has square painting and a protruding cafeteria plate over a slope. The wooden altar cross with crucifix of the three-nail type dates back to the second half of the 17th century. At the same time, an Ebsdorf carpenter created the ornate sound cover of the pulpit with openwork carvings and a volute crown. The polygonal wooden pulpit, on the other hand, was created in the neo-Gothic style. A breakthrough from the sacristy allows access to the high-seated pulpit in the north wall. The large Gothic baptismal font (1.15 meters in diameter) has been in the church again since 1978. At the west portal there is a wooden offering box made from the foot of the old pulpit. The two sacrament niches in the eastern choir wall date from the Gothic period. The left niche was used to store the monstrance and the right one as a piscina .

Numerous grave slabs made of red sandstone are set up in the niches of the nave, including a tombstone for Mayor Peter Arnsberg († 1624) and other family tombstones from the 18th century. The so-called Ebsdorfer Platte is walled up in the south wall of the chancel, which probably dates from the beginning of the 12th century and was probably hewn for the founder of the Ebsdorfer Church. It is the upper fragment of a medieval grave slab made of red sandstone (0.93 meters high, 0.725 meters wide and 0.23 meters thick), which was originally 1.90 meters high. It bears a Latin cross as part of a lecture cross with floral ornaments that sprout from the side, which ties in with the tradition of the green cross trunk as the tree of life . All four quadrants are filled with circular ornaments.

organ

Historic organ prospectus from 1788

The organ builder Johann Dietrich Schröder from Marburg built a new organ in Ebsdorf in 1737. It is only attested in 1734 in Sterzhausen with another new organ. Between 1785 and 1788, the Marburg organ builders Philipp Christoph and Georg Friedrich Küster replaced the instrument. Behind the late Baroque prospectus, which was laterally extended, Peter Dickel built a new work with 19 stops on two manuals and pedal from 1867–1868 . In 1972 Wolfgang Böttner built today's two-manual organ with 17 registers, including the historical prospectus from 1788. The instrument was only installed in 1976 because of the church renovation. The disposition is as follows:

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
Principal 8th'
Dumped 8th'
octave 4 ′
Coupling flute 4 ′
Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Night horn 2 ′
Mixture IV-V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
II substation C – g 3
Reed flute 8th'
Dumped 4 ′
Principal 2 ′
third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Nasat 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Scharff III 1'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
Sub bass 16 ′
Principal bass 8th'
Gemshorn 4 ′
bassoon 16 ′

literature

  • Friedrich Karl Azzola : The so-called Ebsdorfer plate. The fragment of a cross plate from the late High Middle Ages? In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies . Vol. 112, 2007, pp. 31-49 ( online , PDF).
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I. Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , pp. 188-189.
  • Felicitas Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. A contribution to Upper Rhine architecture (= sources and research on Hessian history. Vol. 97). Self-published by the Hessian Historical Commission Darmstadt and the Historical Commission for Hesse, Darmstadt 1994, ISBN 3-88443-186-2 , pp. 83–84.
  • The tower, a starry sky and the falcon church in Ebsdorf. Home and Beautification Association, Ebsdorfergrund-Ebsdorf 2013.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.); Helmuth K. Stoffers (Red.): District of Marburg-Biedenkopf II (communities Ebsdorfergrund, Fronhausen, Lohra and Weimar) (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Cultural monuments in Hesse ). Theiss, Darmstadt 2017, ISBN 978-3-8062-3550-0 , pp. 153-154.

Web links

Commons : Wehrkirche Ebsdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse : District Marburg-Biedenkopf II. 2017, p. 153.
  2. ↑ a b Ebsdorf. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on November 19, 2018 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 188.
  4. ^ Wilhelm Classen: The ecclesiastical organization of Althessen in the Middle Ages (= writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau , vol. 8). NG Elwert'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Marburg 1929, pp. 99-100.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Church on the website of the parish , accessed on November 19, 2018.
  6. ↑ Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. 1994, p. 83.
  7. ↑ a b c State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse: District Marburg-Biedenkopf II. 2017, p. 154.
  8. ↑ Oberhessische Presse Marburg from January 5, 2014: Church lags behind with investments , accessed on November 19, 2018.
  9. ↑ Website of the parish: Reports on the Church , accessed on November 29, 2018.
  10. ↑ Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. 1994, p. 84.
  11. ↑ Azzola: The so-called Ebsdorfer Platte. 2007, pp. 31-37. Werner Meyer-Barkhausen's dating around 1000, which is often adopted in the literature, is therefore based on insufficient knowledge of the interpretation of the individual elements of the cross plate.
  12. ^ Peter Brusius, Dieter Schneider: The organ builder family Dickel. Marburg 2013, pp. 66–67.
  13. ↑ Organ index: Orgel in Ebsdorf , accessed on November 19, 2018.

Coordinates: 50 ° 43 ′ 57.53 "  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 46.54"  E