Evangelical Church (Trais-Munzenberg)

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Church from the south

The oldest parts of the Evangelical Church in Trais-Munzenberg , a district of Munzenberg in the Wetterau district ( Hesse ), date back to around 1100 and was extended around 1200 by a north aisle. The church was built over a row graveyard from Franconian - Merovingian times. It was given its current shape after extensive renovations in 1889. A Romanesque tower is built to the north of the church, which was given its current spire in the Baroque era. The church is characteristic of the town and is a Hessian cultural monument .

history

Church from the north

A row graveyard from Franconian times has been archaeologically proven on the church hill. Four undisturbed burials in west-east orientation from the Merovingian period were found under the altar foundation. This has so far been without parallel in Hesse, as cemeteries at that time were otherwise laid out outside the villages. In total, skeletal remains of 34 people were recovered in the adjacent area. A church in Trais is first mentioned in a document at the end of the 8th century, when a man named Hugo bequeathed his share of the village church to the Fulda monastery. This first church was already a stone church and was built on a cemetery, the graves of which date back to the 7th century. The Merovingian dead were buried in wooden coffins with small glass beads as grave goods. A grave surrounded by stones was discovered in the southern area of ​​the ship.

Dating the church today is difficult. The ship with the tower on the northeast corner was probably built around 1100. Around 1200 the ship was extended to the north by a narrow aisle. Construction work on the ship and tower was completed by the early 13th century at the latest.

The Traiser Church was dedicated to Our Lady and St. Pancras . Next to the main altar there was an altar for early masses, which was consecrated to St. Catherine and St. Nicholas . From an ecclesiastical perspective, the parish church with its own sending district belonged to the archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in the Archdiocese of Mainz . The Traiser Church was originally the mother church of the surrounding parishes. In the course of time, these were elevated to independent parish churches. Around 1200 only Eberstadt and Munzenberg were incorporated. Munzenberg probably split up before 1255, Eberstadt no later than 1361. With the introduction of the Reformation , Trais switched to the Protestant creed. The parish had been looked after by the pastor in Munzenberg since 1565, but remained an independent parish.

Between 1845 and 1876, the northern wall, including the window and door frames, was rebuilt. On March 12, 1876, a storm destroyed the church roof, which was then replaced. In 1888/89 a comprehensive renovation was carried out and the old choir was torn down and expanded with a rectangular choir annex. The extension was carried out without the approval of the senior consistory and in 1891 Rudolf Adamy scourged the Darmstädter Zeitung as an act of "barbarism" and described it as a "characterless barn-like structure". The responsible district supervisor Metzger from Butzbach also had the south-facing windows installed in 1889. In this course, the pent roof of the north aisle was probably also replaced by a tow roof.

In 1925 the interior was renovated and a new organ was installed. In 1986 the exterior of the building was renovated. The exterior plaster was chipped off and renewed. The eastern clerestory windows , which had older walling, was exposed. In 1989 an interior renovation followed, in which the floor was partly covered with new panels and the interior was given a new coat of paint.

architecture

West side of the church
Round arches to the north aisle

The roughly east- facing hall is built on a hill in the center of the village south of the Wetter. It has a rectangular choir of the same width (8.10 meters outside, 6.20 meters inside). Overall, the church is 20.85 meters on the outside, 18.80 meters on the inside and the masonry is 8.5 meters high. In the north a narrow aisle is built (4 meters inside width). To the north of the choir rises the Romanesque tower, which just ends with the north aisle. The assumption of an original three-aisled basilica in older literature could not be confirmed either from the sources or from archaeological excavations. The old transverse rectangular choir had a cross vault and a semicircular east apse and was 27 feet long, 15 feet wide and 26 feet high. During excavations in the 1980s, foundations of a smaller rectangular choir were discovered below the foundations of the semicircular apse.

The south side of the nave has three narrow, high arched windows, the east side has a high arched window and the western gable has a small round leaded glass window . On the western north and south sides of the old nave, three slit-like, round-arched upper clad windows are preserved below the eaves. The church is accessed through two rectangular north portals with lunette windows and a small, round-arched west portal with protruding transoms and a straight lintel inside . A portal in the south wall near the pulpit is bricked up. The complex masonry on the south side indicates four different construction phases through different wall structures and four types of mortar (light gray-yellow, gray, yellow-brown, brown-red). Two buttresses on the northwest and southwest corners, which were probably built in the 19th century, support the walls. The gable roof has a height of 4.25 meters and is towed over the north aisle. Due to the towed roof, the northern upper clad windows can only be seen from the inside, while the former monopitch roof attached to the north wall of the ship below the windows. This is confirmed by the corner blocks in the central nave, which end 4 meters above the ground.

The aisle is illuminated through a narrow pointed arch window in the west wall and three lunette windows in the north wall. The middle of these windows is let in immediately above the rectangular north portal. The interior of the aisle is connected to the nave by an arcade made up of three large round arches. The arches rest on square pillars with Attic bases and end in cantilever plates with throat and bulge. The choir area is three steps higher than the nave. On the north wall, an arched portal with an iron-studded oak door allows access to the tower hall.

The uninterrupted bricked up and windowless tower shaft from the Romanesque period on a square floor plan (4.77 × 4.75 meters) has domed, round arched acoustic arcades with cube capitals on top on all sides. Its height to the top of the wall is 14.50 meters. The vaulted tower hall is only weakly lit through three small round windows. The approximately 11 meter high, wooden, slated helmet structure from the first half of the 18th century has two floors. A curved monopitch roof leads over to an eight-sided storey above which an open lantern rises, which is crowned by a tower button, cross and weathercock. A gap of 0.19 meters was left between the tower and the north wall of the church, which was later bricked up. The bell chamber houses a double bell. The older bell from the 14th / 15th centuries Century (0.89 meters in diameter, 0.78 meters in height, strike note h 1 ) bears the names of the four evangelists in Gothic capitals and the four coats of arms of the Bogt von Treis, von Muschenheim, von Schwappach and Rost von Treis families on the Wolm . A smaller bell by GMA Henschel from 1734 is no longer available. Instead, a bell made in 1950 by the Rincker brothers (strike note d 2 ) serves as a replacement.

Furnishing

Interior to the east
Pulpit detail

The interior of the ship is closed off by a flat coffered ceiling. Cassetted galleries are built into the west wall and the east wall. The organ gallery continues in the choir area on the north side up to the arcade, supported in the east by two round wooden pillars and in the north by square wooden posts. The choir gallery is accessible through a staircase in the northeast corner, the west gallery through a staircase in the north nave, which leads to an arched passage into the ship.

The wooden, polygonal pulpit from the 18th century in blue on the south wall has pictures of the apostles James , Peter and John in the pulpit between gold-plated corner pilasters with garlands of buds . An attached parsonage with openwork latticework leads to the pulpit staircase.

The walled altar canteen is covered by a medieval plate on which a wooden crucifix of the three-nail type stands. Another medieval slab has been preserved in the tower chapel. The simple brass baptismal bowl is held by an iron ring that is attached to a cup-shaped stone pillar. The square foot merges into an eight-sided shaft that ends in a cube capital. On the north wall, on a small console, stands the wooden figure of the Good Shepherd with a white dress, a red cape and a long shepherd's staff, who carries a lamb on his shoulder.

organ

Organ brochure from 1712

The organ was built in 1712 with seven or eight stops on one manual and no pedal. Due to the design of the case, a representative of the organ building family Grieb from Griedel is assumed to be the builder. The prospectus is in three parts: the raised, central round tower is flanked by two pipe fields, the central pipes of which protrude at a point (as is the case with the organs in Sichertshausen and Griedel ). The veil, which closes the pipe fields at the top, and the "organ ears" on the side are made of gilded acanthus with volutes . Cords with buds and fruit pendants are attached to the four pilaster strips, and a continuous, profiled cornice below the pipe fields. The color of the case is blue with a red frieze on both cornices and individual gilded profile strips. A curved console mediates between the narrower lower case and the wider upper part. Johann Hartmann Bernhard repaired the plant in 1838, his grandchildren, the Bernhard brothers , again in 1879.

In 1928, the Förster & Nicolaus company built a new organ based on the historic prospectus, based on the Nieder-Rosbach organ . The side-playing instrument with pneumatic cone chests has eight registers, which are distributed over two manuals and pedal. The soft bass 16 ' in the pedal is a wind weakening of the sub-bass 16' . The disposition is as follows:

I Manual C-g 3
Principal 8th'
Bourdon 8th'
Fugara 4 ′
II Manual C-g 3
Concert flute 8th'
Quintatön 8th'
Aeoline 8th'
Soft flute 4 ′
Pedal C – f 1
Sub-bass 16 ′
Soft bass 16 ′
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
    • Super octave coupling: I / II
    • Sub-octave coupling: I / II

literature

  • Rudolf Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Province of Upper Hesse. Friedberg district. Arnold Bergstraesser, Darmstadt 1895, pp. 273-277 ( online ).
  • Friedrich Karl Azzola : The early, high medieval cross plate in the sacristy of the church of Trais-Munzenberg. In: Wetterau history sheets. Vol. 41, 1992, pp. 69-74.
  • Magnus Backes (Red.): Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Hesse. 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1982, p. 846.
  • Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3: Former province of Upper Hesse (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history 29.2 . Part 2 (M – Z)). Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1331-5 , p. 926-928 .
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the sovereign lands and the acquired areas of Darmstadt. (Hassia sacra; 8). Self-published, Darmstadt 1935, p. 604 f.
  • Waldemar Küther : Trais-Munzenberg. History of a village and its church in the Middle Ages. In: Wetterauer Geschichtsblätter , Vol. 7/8, 1959, pp. 17–66.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.); Heinz Wionski (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hessen. Wetteraukreis II. Teilbd. 1. Bad Nauheim to Florstadt. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-528-06227-4 , pp. 813-815.
  • Winfried Schunk: Archaeological investigations in the Trais-Munzenberger Church. In: Hans D. Baumann (Ed.): 1200 years of Trais-Munzenberg. Huber, Mannheim 1990, pp. 73-78.
  • Ulrich Schütte (Ed.): Churches and synagogues in the villages of the Wetterau. (= Wetterau history sheets 53 ). Verlag der Bindernagelschen Buchhandlung, Friedberg (Hessen) 2004, ISBN 3-87076-098-2 , pp. 536-538.
  • Peter Weyrauch : On the building history of the Protestant church in Trais-Münzenberg. In: Hans D. Baumann (Ed.): 1200 years of Trais-Munzenberg. Huber, Mannheim 1990, pp. 62-72.

Web links

Commons : Evangelical Church Trais-Munzenberg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 1999, p. 814.
  2. ↑ Schunk: Archaeological investigations. 1990, pp. 74-76.
  3. ^ Weyrauch: On the building history of the Protestant church. 1990, p. 62.
  4. ↑ Schunk: Archaeological investigations. 1990, p. 76.
  5. ↑ Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. 1982, p. 846.
  6. ↑ a b c Weyrauch: On the building history of the Protestant church. 1990, p. 66.
  7. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area. (= Writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 34.
  8. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 604.
  9. ↑ Trais. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on November 9, 2013 .
  10. ^ Küther: Trais-Munzenberg. 1959, p. 33f.
  11. ^ Küther: Trais-Munzenberg. 1959, p. 43f.
  12. ^ Weyrauch: On the building history of the Protestant church. 1990, p. 72.
  13. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1935, p. 605.
  14. ↑ Schunk: Archaeological investigations. 1990, p. 73.
  15. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 1999, p. 813.
  16. ^ For example, Adamy: Art Monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1895, p. 273 ( online ).
  17. ^ Weyrauch: On the building history of the Protestant church. 1990, p. 63.
  18. ^ Weyrauch: On the building history of the Protestant church. 1990, pp. 68, 70; Schunk: Archaeological Investigations. 1990, pp. 74f.
  19. ^ A b Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1895, p. 275 ( online ).
  20. ^ Weyrauch: On the building history of the Protestant church. 1990, p. 64.
  21. ^ Weyrauch: On the building history of the Protestant church. 1990, p. 68.
  22. ^ Adamy: Art monuments in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. 1895, p. 276 ( online ).
  23. ↑ Krystian Skoczowski : The organ builder family Zinck. A contribution to the research of organ building in the Wetterau and the Kinzig valley in the 18th century. Haag + Herchen, Hanau 2018, ISBN 978-3-89846-824-4 , p. 30.
  24. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine . 1988, p. 927.
  25. ^ Bösken, Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine . 1988, p. 928.

Coordinates: 50 ° 27 ′ 50 ″  N , 8 ° 47 ′ 10 ″  E