Evangelical Church Lohra

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Church in Lohra from the southwest
North elevation

The Evangelical Church in Lohra in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district ( Hesse ) is a late Romanesque pillar basilica from the 13th century. The listed building with roof turret has largely been preserved and was added a half-timbered upper floor in 1909 above the south aisle .

history

The place Lohra is first mentioned in a document in 752 and probably had a (wooden) baptistery from the 9th century. The stone successor building was built in the first half of the 13th century and dedicated to St. Martin , the Merovingian-Franconian national saint . A pleban is recorded in 1238. In the Middle Ages, the independent parish had its own sending district and was assigned to the Diaconate Amöneburg in the Archdiaconate St. Stephan in the Archdiocese of Mainz . In the 15th century the church was elevated to the status of a deanery and was now cared for by a chaplain and dean .

With the introduction of the Reformation , Lohra changed to the Lutheran creed in 1526. The first Protestant pastor was Mag. Henricus (Heinrich) Orth in Lohra, who held the pastoral office from 1519 until his death in 1574 at the age of around 80. Damm, Nanzhausen, Reimershausen and Willershausen were parish. From 1630 the churches of Altenvers, Rollshausen and Seelbach were branches of Lohra. Lohra, Roth and Fronhausen were merged into one parish in the 19th century.

In 1606 the roof turret, which was then placed over the west gable, fell victim to a storm and was then replaced. Under Landgrave Moritz there was a change to the Reformed Confession from 1606 to 1624 . In the course of this, the altarpieces, the altar cross and other inventory items were removed. The church was devastated in the Thirty Years War . At the end of the 17th century, the community had new furnishings made and galleries built in the north, west and choir.

In 1909, the architects August Dauber and Otto Eichelberg added heights to the south aisle in half-timbered construction, adding 200 seats. Two large round arches were broken into the upper storey on the south side. Part of the parapet of the north gallery was integrated into the raised south pore. The organ was expanded and the console moved down. In addition, the tower clock, lighting and heating were renewed. During an interior renovation in 1955/1956, the paintings and decorations were removed, the crucifixion painting was hung on the east wall of the north aisle and the baptismal font, which previously stood under the pulpit, and the roof turret were replaced.

architecture

South portal
Church from the southeast

The not exactly geostete but focused almost to the southeast pillar basilica with wehrhaftem character stands in a walled cemetery, the stone walls are preserved to a large extent. The church in an elevated position consists of a two-bay central nave with two side aisles and an eastern choir on a square floor plan in the same height and width as the central nave. The massive masonry is plastered in white on the outside and inside, with the corner blocks , walls , reveals and other structural elements made of sandstone in various shades of red.

The aisles have the same width and height as the central nave. The two upper clad windows on the north side of the central nave are arched. The two side aisles are illuminated in the west and east by a small round arched window each with drapery, the eastern south side by a pointed arch window. The low side aisle in the north has a pent roof , in the west a small round-arched window and in the east a slightly larger ogival window. On the south side the high, cantilevered half-timbered upper floor is completely slated. It has four small rectangular windows in the south and one round window each in the west and east and is covered by two transverse hipped roofs, which almost reach the height of the roof ridge from the central nave.

The church is accessed through a pointed arched west portal (walls with bevel ) and two round arched south portals, one in the west of the side aisle, the other in the choir, which originally served as a priest's gate. The west portal is flanked by two massive buttresses that taper at the top. Halfway up there is a round arched window with a rectangular hatch in each of the two gable triangles, which is closed by a wooden door. The choir, the same width and height as the central nave, has a large arched window on the three free-standing sides. A slender, eight-sided roof turret, which was renewed in 1955, is placed in the middle of the shared gable roof. It is completely slated and has eight high-seated rectangular sound openings. The Welsche Haube is equipped with four very small dormers with triangular gables. The top of the tower is formed by a pommel, a simple cross and a weathercock.

Inside, two arcades with low round arches on wide pillars open the aisles to the central nave. They have, like the two arches on the south gallery projecting fighters strips . In the aisle-like side aisles, the Romanesque groin vault with stitch caps has been preserved. The central nave and choir have Gothic cross vaults from the 15th century with stitch caps and fluted ribs that rest on chalice consoles with incised ornamentation or painting. The belt arches are ogival. The raised upper floor in the south is closed off by a flat wooden beam ceiling with a joist , which is painted with tendril ornaments.

Furnishing

View of the south pore
Altar area
Parapet paintings on the choir gallery: Fall of Man, Annunciation, Birth of Christ

The walls have square painting with white joints on an ocher-colored background, which was renewed after the remains were preserved. The vault ribs are painted in color.

The three-sided galleries date from the 17th century. The north side, on which the pulpit is hung, has no gallery, apart from the north-east corner of the choir. The choir gallery rests on two wooden posts, the square at the bottom and top fluted are. The west and the sixfold staggered south pores are supported by wall supports and free-standing posts with headbands . The gallery balustrades have portrait-format rectangular pictures that Wilhelm Hermann Werner, church painter from Gladenbach, created in 1772. The 14 paintings in the choir show Christ as the Good Shepherd and a cycle of pictures with biblical scenes mainly from the New Testament, seven figures from the Old Testament in the upper south parapet and Christ and the twelve apostles in the lower parapet in the south and west . An organ gallery is built in above the east gallery with a bay-like organist's pulpit in the middle, which serves as a seat for the organist. The parapet paintings show alternating flowers and the four evangelists with the evangelist symbols . The underside of the organist's pulpit is painted with tendrils and two angels and is adorned with a winged angel head. The load-bearing, high wooden post is marked with the year 1690 or 1699.

The sacrament niche dates from the 14th century. The altar cross from the first half of the 15th century survived the removal of inventory items in the 16th century. The crucifix of the three-nail type suspended from a crossbeam which the inscription of a book title of Augustin wears: "INTER Brachia SEVERABILI MEI IESU CHRISTI VIVERE VOLO ET MORI Cupio" (In the arms of my Savior Jesus Christ, I want to live and I want to die). Half of the old altar ceiling with white embroidery , which shows the Lamb of God surrounded by evangelist symbols, is preserved in the Marburg Museum. The "Mars bowl" and jug are also exhibited there, a pewter cast work by Francois Briot from Lorraine (around 1600), which served as a baptismal bowl and was designed by Justinia Eleonora Kirsch in 1702. Fenner was donated to the church in Lohra. The font used today in the north aisle is made of red sandstone. The four-sided foot ends in volutes that support the eight-sided shell.

The polygonal, wood-faced pulpit on the north wall next to the altar dates from 1699. The hexagonal, profiled sound cover bears the inscription: "BLESSED ARE THE WORD OF GOD HEAR AND BEWARE LVC XI ANO 99" ( Lk 11:28  LUT ). Corner posts with inlaid lighter woods structure the pulpit fields. The parish office in the rear area of ​​the choir dates back to 1700. It consists of a wooden wall with openwork diamondwork in the upper part and crowned by a flat-carved top and spherical points. Some fillings of the parapets have flower paintings. The simple, wooden church stalls with coffered panels in the parapet leave a central aisle free.

A wooden epitaph was made in the south aisle for pastor Heinrich Fenner (1581–1656) and his wife Catharina Schwend (1593–1651) , showing the couple in a devout posture under the crucified. The painter Nikolaus Dauber, brother of the architect, created a large painting with the crucifixion scene, which is now hung on the east side of the north aisle. The then pastor Christoph Friedrich Karl Wilhelm Bücking (1846–1924) was the model for the Roman soldier and his wife was for Maria Magdalena . The background shows Lohra in the Salzbödetal. A painting of Luther with a swan was painted around 1700. In 2006 the congregation purchased a wrought iron Swedish prayer lamp.

organ

Organ behind historical prospectus

In the course of the construction of the choir gallery, a new organ was built in 1691 . The organ builder Johann Wilhelm Schaum (en) from Lang-Göns , who expanded the organ in the Jakobuskirche there in 1661 , possibly took over the case or some parts of an existing organ or a positive . The five-axis prospect corresponds to the “Central German normal type”: A raised central round tower is connected to the flanking pointed towers by low, single-storey flat fields. Openwork tendrils are attached to the case and the top of the pipe fields. The prospectus is decorated with rich carvings. The painted double doors show the cardinal virtues Justitia (justice) and Fortitudo (bravery). Johann Christian Rindt repaired the instrument in 1706. In 1909 the Lich company Förster & Nicolaus built a new factory with a pneumatic cone store behind the historic prospectus . The organ has eleven registers , which are divided between two manuals and a pedal. The disposition is as follows:

I Manual C–
Principal 8 ′
Stillgedackt 8 ′
Octave 4 ′
Covered 4 ′
Forest flute 2 ′
Mixture II-III
II Manual C–
Reed flute 8th'
Gemshorn 4 ′
Octave 2 ′
Pedal C–
Sub bass 16 ′
Violon bass 8th'
  • Coupling : I / II, I / P, II / P, super octave coupling II / I
  • Playing aids : 3 fixed combinations (p, m, f), trigger

Trivia

literature

  • Günter E. Th. Bezzenberger: Worth seeing churches in the church areas of Hesse and Nassau and Kurhessen-Waldeck, including the Rhine-Hessian church districts of Wetzlar and Braunfels. Evangelischer Presseverband, Kassel 1987, p. 91.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I. Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , pp. 594-595.
  • Hans Feldtkeller (arrangement): The architectural and art monuments of the Biedenkopf district. Eduard Roether, Darmstadt 1958.
  • Alfred Horst; Community Lohra (ed.): Chronicle of Lohra. Lohra parish, Lohra 1974.
  • Karl Herbert: The Protestant Church in the Biedenkopf district. In: Hessen - People and Space - The Biedenkopf district. Verlag Moderne Gemeinde, Offenbach / Main 1965.
  • Felicitas Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. A contribution to Upper Rhine architecture. (Sources and research on Hessian history; 97). Self-published by the Hessian Historical Commission Darmstadt and the Historical Commission for Hesse, Darmstadt 1994, ISBN 3-88443-186-2 , pp. 155–156.
  • Gottfried Kiesow : Romanesque in Hessen. Theiss, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-8062-0367-9 , p. 242.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.); Helmuth K. Stoffers (Red.): District of Marburg-Biedenkopf II (communities Ebsdorfergrund, Fronhausen, Lohra and Weimar) (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Cultural monuments in Hesse ). Theiss, Darmstadt 2017, ISBN 978-3-8062-3550-0 , pp. 416-418.
  • Ferdinand Luthmer (edit.): The architectural and art monuments of the districts of Biedenkopf, Dill, Oberwesterwald and Westerburg. Heinrich Keller, Frankfurt am Main 1910, pp. 23–26.
  • Konrad Naumann: From 1250 to 1950. Lohra in seven centuries. In: Municipality of Lohra (ed.): Lohra im Salzbödetal 752–1952. Self-published by the community, Lohra 1952, pp. 33–48.

Web links

Commons : Evangelical Church Lohra  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Kiesow: Romanesque in Hessen. 1984, p. 242.
  2. ^ Bezzenberger: Worth seeing churches in the church areas of Hesse and Nassau and Kurhessen-Waldeck. 1987, p. 91.
  3. ↑ a b c d Lohra. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 15, 2015 .
  4. ↑ Lohra-Wiki: Pfarrchronik Lohra (attributed to Christoph Friedrich Karl Wilhelm Bücking), accessed on April 15, 2015.
  5. ↑ a b Naumann: From 1250 to 1950. Lohra in seven centuries. 1952, p. 33.
  6. ↑ a b c Homepage of the parish: Church in Lohra , accessed on April 16, 2015.
  7. ↑ a b c d Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 595.
  8. ↑ Horst: Chronicle of Lohra. 1974, p. 47.
  9. ↑ a b c d e State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse : District Marburg-Biedenkopf II. 2017, p. 263.
  10. ^ A b Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 594.
  11. ↑ Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. 1994, p. 156.
  12. ↑ Image Index of Art and Architecture : Mars bowl , accessed April 16, 2015.
  13. ^ Naumann: From 1250 to 1950. Lohra in seven centuries. 1952, p. 34.
  14. ↑ Horst: Chronicle of Lohra. 1974, p. 42.
  15. ^ Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3: Former province of Upper Hesse (=  contributions to the music history of the Middle Rhine; 29.1 . Part 1 (A – L)). Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1330-7 , p. 545 .
  16. ^ The organ of the Evangelical Church in Lohra , accessed on April 16, 2015.
  17. ^ Dieter Grossmann: Organs and Organ Builders in Hesse (=  contributions to Hessian history 12 ). 2nd Edition. Trautvetter & Fischer, Marburg 1998, ISBN 3-87822-109-6 , pp. 103 .
  18. ^ Eckhard Trinkaus: organs and organ builders in the former district of Ziegenhain (Hesse) (=  publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse; 43 ). Elwert, Marburg 1981, ISBN 3-7708-0713-8 , pp. 271 .
  19. ^ Organ Index: Organ in Lohra , accessed on April 16, 2015.

Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ′ 14.4 "  N , 8 ° 38 ′ 5.5"  E