Evangelical Church Muschenheim

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South-west side of the Protestant church Muschenheim
Church from the northwest

The Evangelical Church in Muschenheim , a district of Lich in the district of Gießen ( Hesse ), was built in the late Romanesque style in the 13th century . The two-aisled basilica church has a towed roof over the north aisle and an east choir tower with a baroque spire from 1750. It characterizes the townscape and is a Hessian cultural monument .

history

In 1151 an own church of the Lords of Arnburg ("von Munzenberg") is mentioned in Muschenheim , who received the right of patronage . Muschenheim was the mother church of the chapels of the Arnsburg , Birklar and Bettenhausen monasteries . In the late Middle Ages, Muschenheim belonged to the Archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in the Archdiocese of Mainz . Bettenhausen was parish until 1304 and Birklar until 1316. After the Munzenbergs died out, their property passed to the Falkensteiners and the right of patronage over the Muschenheim church in 1270 to the Cistercians of the monastery, who held it until 1803. After the secularization of the monastery in 1803, the patronage was transferred to the House of Solms . From 1811 to 1959 it was owned by Solms-Braunfels .

The church, built at the beginning of the 13th century, was dedicated to St. Consecrated to Nicholas . Two priests are recorded between 1216 and 1229. In addition to the existing Nikolaus altar, another altar was donated by the knight family von Muschenheim in 1324. The originally single nave nave with a square choir and semicircular apse received a north aisle in the Romanesque period. At the end of the 15th century the fourth altar was consecrated, which requires the activity of four priests. A reconstruction also took place in the late Gothic period: the nave was vaulted, the choir vault in the tower hall was raised, the apse was raised and the windows on the south side were enlarged. Instead of the original monopitch roof, the side aisle was given a tow roof.

With the introduction of the Reformation , Muschenheim switched to the Protestant creed. Antonius Schüler was the first evangelical pastor to work here before 1560. Muschenheim has been connected to Birklar in the parish since the Reformation.

In the years 1699/1700 a renovation took place in which the stalls and the floor under the pulpit were replaced. The original pyramid helmet was replaced by a baroque helmet structure in 1750. In 1852 the church roof was slated, the wall added to the north was rebuilt and a new gallery was created. After a lightning strike in the tower in the night of December 6th to 7th, 1895, the damage was repaired in spring and the tower roof was resurfaced. Two ovens have heated the church since 1892. The interior was renovated in 1898. After another lightning strike in 1927, the tower received a lightning rod. In the course of an exterior renovation in 1988, damaged areas were plastered again and the window and door frames from Romanesque and Gothic times were restored.

architecture

Tower view
Niche portal on the south side

The east- facing church on the eastern edge of the village in the middle of a walled cemetery was built under the influence of the Arnsburg construction works. The two-aisled structure and the northern sacristy give it the features of an (asymmetrical) basilica.

The north aisle is located under a towing roof . Originally the aisle had a flatter monopitch roof with three small rectangular windows that were attached between the monopitch roof and the eaves of the main roof. The main cornice served as a lintel for these windows . The course of the former monopitch roof can still be seen. The nave is closed off by a two-bay cross - ribbed vault , the side aisle by a flat ceiling. Both ships are connected to one another by two large arches that are slightly pointed. The central pillar has a circumferential base and circumferential transom . The two end pillars and the large round arched triumphal arch also have corresponding profiles . The windows with pointed arches on the south side, enlarged in the late Gothic period, illuminate the nave. The original tracery has not been preserved . On the north side there is a rectangular window from a later period.

The arched, stepped main portal on the west side and the smaller one for the side aisle are still original. The two round windows in the west gable also date from the Romanesque period, while the small square window on the west side with a keel arch and the coupled, very narrow pointed arch windows in the apse are late Gothic. The stepped, walled niche portal in the south wall from the time the church was built is decorated with a clover leaf arch.

The bricked-up tower is built on a square floor plan and has corner blocks. The tower shaft is not structured. Coupled arched windows with stone pillars are let into the upper floor. The wooden spire from 1750 is slated. An eight-sided open lantern with a Welscher dome is attached to the cube-shaped bell storey , which is crowned by a tower button, cross and weathercock. The model for the tower helmet was the Sprendlinger helmet from 1718. A small, recessed, non-vaulted apse is attached to the east side. The choir in the basement of the tower has a cross vault, the keystone of which is covered with a rose. There is a small Romanesque window on the north side and a two-part late Gothic window with tracery on the south side. A sacristy is built on the north side of the tower and is closed off by a round arched barrel. The southern outer wall of the tower is supported by a buttress that extends to the adjacent eaves of the nave. A mighty corner pillar at the south-east corner of the tower does not quite reach this height.

Furnishing

Triumphal arch and aisle
pulpit

The interior is simply designed in accordance with Reformed tradition. The floor is covered with red sandstone slabs. In the main nave, the stalls leave a central aisle free in two rows. The north aisle and the choir have seats. The coffered west gallery from the 19th century rests on an octagonal wooden post with two head brackets . The gallery and chairs are set in shades of green. The five middle parapet fields of the gallery and the four fields of the bench opposite the pulpit in front of the triumphal arch are painted with floral tendril motifs.

The octagonal, wood-covered pulpit with rich fillings dates from the middle of the 17th century. It rests on a square, profiled wooden post with four lively curved arches. The pulpit fields, which are lavishly equipped with fittings, are structured by free pillars. The simple sound cover is held by a wrought iron tendril. Below the pulpit is the parish chair with openwork latticework, which hides the pulpit staircase.

In the side aisle hangs a painting by Karl-Bernd Beierlein from 1981 with the title “Kreuztragung”, which the artist gave to the parish. It shows the Christ with his back, who collapsed over the cross. The gray tones in the upper third of the picture contrast with the blood-red floor below Christ.

Instead of an altar, there is a communion table in the choir, as is usual in Reformed churches. The Vasa sacra includes two wine jugs and two silver-gilt goblets. The round base plates of the chalices merge into a six-sided shaft with a knob. The richly decorated baptismal bowl, a so-called cymbal bowl made of brass, shows the Annunciation . It was donated in 1641 by Junker Heinrich Eckard von Bellersheim. Depicted in a hortus conclusus symbolized by a flower vase is Maria at a lectern. The Archangel Gabriel approaches from the left, holding a lily scepter in his hand. The Holy Spirit in the form of a flying dove wears a halo. Around the scene there is an inscription on an inner ring with the five-letter sequence V - E - H - U - F - A - V - A in Gothic capitals . The mariological motif and the Gothic inscription are based on a model of the Nuremberg basin bat from the 15th and 16th centuries, which was widely used. The same motif with inscription can also be found in the Evangelical Church in Allendorf / Lahn and in the Evangelical Church in Hausen . The letter sequence VEHUFAVA is interpreted as "venia humanum fatum, venia altissima" (the grace [forgiveness] of sins is the path of humanity determined by God, the grace of the Most High).

organ

Organ on the west gallery

In 1842 an organ repair is proven. In the course of the church renovation, Johann Georg Förster built a new work with nine registers on two manuals and pedal as Opus 86 for 3,075 marks in 1899. The instrument had pneumatic windchests and a pneumatic tube action. The place of installation was below the north gallery. The organ was replaced in 1992 by a work by the Lich company Förster & Nicolaus Orgelbau , which was acquired second-hand from the Paul-Gerhard-Church in Offenbach am Main . The instrument was built in 1958 and originally had six registers on a manual and pedal. In the course of the transfer to Muschenheim, a Salizional 8 ′ was added on an empty loop. Today's disposition is as follows:

I Manual C – f 3
Dumped 8th'
Salizional 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Reed flute 4 ′
Pointed flute 2 ′
Sharp III – IV
Pedal C – f 1
Sub bass 16 ′

Peal

The tower houses three bronze bells. The smallest and oldest bell was cast around 1300. The two large baroque bells come from the Bach bell foundry family . All three have inscriptions.

No.
  		Casting year
  		Foundry, casting location
  		Chime
  		Diameter
(mm) 		Height
(mm) 		inscription
  		image
 
1 1770 Johann Philipp Bach , Hungen f sharp 1 + 1010 860 " PRIOR MR. IOHANN NICKLAVS FEY HERRERFTLICHER SCHVLTHEIS WORNER SEIPP
KIRCHENELTESTEN HENRICH WEISSEL IOHANN WIEHLM BECKER CONRAD SEIPP GABRIEL BECKER
EVER HEART SEY NOT STOCKED WHEN YOU WILL GET ZVR KIERCH GELODS
[two reliefs of St. Michael and two of a cherub]
IN GOD'S NAME FLOS ICH IOHANN PHILLIP BACH VON HVNGEN GOS ME ANNO 1770 "
2 1784 Johann Philipp and Johann Peter Bach, Hungen g sharp 1 930 760 “ IN GOD'S TAKEN I FLOSS × JOH: PHILIP AND JOH: PETER BACH VON HUNGEN GOS | SEN ME × AS A TEMPORARY PRINTER IN MVSCHENHEIM WAS MR. PHILIPP HENRICH FAY × BOTH | MANORAL SCHOOL TEAM WOERNER SEIPP AND IOH: SO DEN KIR SEIPP | × CH SOENRICH SEIPP | VORSTEHER × IOH: WILHELM BECKER GABRIEL BECKER CONRAD SEIPP IOHANNES FREIMAN 1784 "
Evangelical Church Muschenheim Glocke3 03.JPG
3 ~ 1300 c sharp 2 730 640 "[Marian monogram with cross] + P [er] · CRVCIS · h '[oc] · SIGNV [m] · FVGIAT · P [ro] CVL · OM [n] E · MALIGNV [m] · SIT · MEDICINA · MEI · PIA · CRUX · F [et] · PASSIO · XRI [= Christ] · + [Omega with cross] "
Evangelical Church Muschenheim Glocke1 01.JPG

literature

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I. Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 668.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the sovereign lands and the acquired areas of Darmstadt. (Hassia sacra; 8). Self-published, Darmstadt 1935, p. 162 f.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.); Karlheinz Lang (Red.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. District of Giessen I. Hungen, Laubach, Lich, Reiskirchen. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8062-2177-0 , p. 526 f.
  • Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 3. Southern part . Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1933, pp. 310–319.
  • Peter Weyrauch : The churches of the old district of Giessen. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Gießen 1979, p. 132 f.

Web links

Commons : Evangelische Kirche Muschenheim  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Hesse: Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2008, p. 527.
  2. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area. (= Writings of the institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 27.
  3. ^ Weyrauch: The churches of the old district Gießen. 1979, p. 132.
  4. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 315.
  5. ↑ a b Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 310.
  6. ↑ Muschenheim. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on September 7, 2013 .
  7. ↑ a b State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse: Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2008, p. 526.
  8. ↑ a b Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 311.
  9. ^ Weyrauch: The churches of the old district Gießen. 1979, p. 133.
  10. ^ Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 668.
  11. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 316 f.
  12. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Jäger: The Nuremberg basin bat bowls used as baptismal bowls and their Gothic capitals. Self-published, Heidesee 2010.
  13. ^ Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 29.2 ). tape 3 : Former province of Upper Hesse. Part 2: M-Z . Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1331-5 , p. 655 f .
  14. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, pp. 317, 319.
  15. ↑ Robert Schäfer: Hessian bell inscriptions (PDF file; 37.7 MB), in: Archives for Hessian history and antiquity. 15, 1884, pp. 475-544, here: p. 531.

Coordinates: 50 ° 29 ′ 5.7 ″  N , 8 ° 47 ′ 52.9 ″  E