Fast-ringed knight

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fast-ringed knight
Fastberingter knight Tricholoma batschii.jpg

Fast-ringed knight ( Tricholoma batschii )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Knight relatives (Tricholomataceae)
Genre : Knightlings ( Tricholoma )
Type : Fast-ringed knight
Scientific name
Tricholoma batschii
Gulden ex Noordel. & Mort. Chr. (1999)

The fast-ringed or puss in coniferous forest knightling ( Tricholoma batschii Gulden , syn. Tricholoma fracticum ( Britzelm. , Kreisel ) , syn. Tricholoma subannulatum ( Batsch ) Bres. Non ( Peck ) Zeller ) is a leaf fungus from the family of knight relatives (Tricholomataceae). The rather large knight has a red to maroon hat that is greasy when wet and shiny when dry. The sturdy stem is white on top and brown below, set off by a ring-like zone. Its flesh tastes bitter. The fruiting bodies of the inedible or slightly poisonous mycorrhizal fungus appear from September to November predominantly in mountain coniferous forests. It is primarily associated with pine trees. The knight is spread over almost all of Europe, but nowhere really common.

features

Macroscopic features

The compact and firm fleshy hat is 7–12 (–15) ​​cm wide. In youth it is hemispherical, then arched and later flattened. The edge is smooth and remains more or less curled for a long time. In the case of old fruiting bodies, it is often bent in a wavy manner. The dark red to chestnut brown and ingrown, fibrous, but never scaly surface of the hat becomes very greasy in damp weather. The dry hat has a silky sheen.

The rather crowded and mixed lamellae are whitish to cream-colored and more or less bulged on the stem. In old age they often turn pale flesh-brown and are more or less brownish in color. The spore powder is white.

The cylindrical, occasionally slightly rooted stalk is 6–12 cm long and up to 2.5 cm wide. Up to the more or less skinned ring it is silky white, underneath it is brown. It is grainy, full, firm and dry. The whitish flesh, which turns pale flesh-brown with age, is firm. It smells slightly flour-like and tastes very bitter.

Microscopic features

The almost rounded, smooth and inamyloid spores measure 4–6 × 3.5–4 µm.

Species delimitation

The Fastberingte Ritterling belongs to the sub- section Subannulata ("the Fastberingten"), a group of brown knights who are often difficult to distinguish from one another. This includes the white-brown knight ( Tricholoma striatum ), which also grows in the coniferous forest. He's slimmer, the brim of his hat is grooved, and his meat doesn't taste quite as bitter. The giant knight ( Tricholoma colossus ) is also a brown-capped pine companion that has a ring zone. It is usually much larger and very rare. In Germany it occurs only in a few locations. Most of the other knights with a ring zone and more or less brown, smooth hats grow on deciduous trees. The bitter oak knight ( Tricholoma ustaloides ) is also very similar . The rare copper-red collar knight ( Tricholoma robustum ), which belongs to the sub- section Caligata , is similar to the mushroom described. It also grows in pines and loves limestone soils. It tastes almost mild and has, at least initially, a fuzzy, flaky ring.

Ecology and diffusion

European countries with evidence of finding of the Fastberingten Ritterlings.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The Fast-Ringed Knight has been found in many European countries, but it is nowhere common. In the north, its distribution area extends to southern Scandinavia and southern Finland (Åland and Varsinais-Suomi). Beyond the 61st parallel it occurs very rarely. The fungus is quite rare in north-eastern European Estonia and occurs mainly on the western Estonian islands of Saaremaa , Hiiumaa , Vormsi and Muhu . In southern Europe it is widespread from the Iberian Peninsula, via Italy to the Balkan Peninsula. The fungus is very rare in Western Europe. It is almost absent in the whole of Great Britain and Ireland, only a few isolated references are available from England. There are at least no recent finds from the Netherlands either. In Germany, the knight is most likely to be found in the southern German limestone mountains.

    The Fastberingte Ritterling is a mycorrhizal fungus that is primarily associated with pine trees. Occasionally, however, it should also grow with spruce and juniper (Estonia). It can be found in pine forests or plantations, in heather forests or in juniper bushes , but also in parks and gardens. He prefers limestone soils. The fruiting bodies appear solitary or gregarious from September to November. They often grow in rows or rings.

    meaning

    The fast-ringed knight is inedible or slightly poisonous. It can cause indigestion and vomiting. However, due to its bitter taste, poisoning almost never occurs.

    Web links

    Commons : Tricholoma batschii  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
    • Tricholoma fracticum. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on August 30, 2015 (Italian, photos from the Fastberingten Ritterling).
    • Roger Phillips: Tricholoma batschii. In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, accessed August 31, 2015 .

    swell

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b c d e Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp.  160 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
    2. ↑ a b c d e Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 64/4 .
    3. ↑ a b c Karin Monday: Fast-ringed knight Tricholoma fracticum in the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved August 30, 2015 .
    4. ↑ a b Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Tricholoma batschii. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved August 31, 2015 .
    5. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF]).
    6. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Tricholoma batschii. Retrieved August 31, 2015 .
    7. ↑ Zdenko Tkalcec & Mesic Armin: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia. I. Families Pleurotaceae and Tricholomataceae. In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 81, 2002, pp. 113-176 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
    8. ↑ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Tricholoma batschii. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved August 31, 2015 .
    9. ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Tricholoma batschii. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on August 31, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    10. ↑ Jan Holec & Miroslav Beran: Red list of fungi (macromycetes) of the Czech Republic. (PDF) In: wsl.ch. 2007, accessed August 31, 2015 .
    11. ↑ Tricholoma batschii. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved August 31, 2015 .
    12. ↑ Ilkka Kytövuori et al .: Chapter 5.2, Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland . ISBN 952-11-1997-7 , pp. 105–225 ( as PDF - original title: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko .).
    13. ↑ M. Karadelev, K. Rusevska & N. Markova: Distribution and ecology of genus Tricholoma (Tricholomataceae) in the Republic of Macedonia . In: Ekol. Zašt. Život. Sred. tape 11 , no. 1/2 , 2008, p. 27–41 ( online [PDF] Macedonian: ДИСТРИБУЦИЈА И ЕКОЛОГИЈА НА ВИДОВИ ОД РОДОТ TRICHOLOMA (TRICHOLOMATACEAE) ВО РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈ .).).
    14. ↑ Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The fungi of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
    15. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas húb - Tricholoma batschii. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved August 31, 2015 .
    16. ↑ Grid map of Tricholoma batschii. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved August 31, 2015 .
    17. ↑ Tricholoma batschii. Pilzoek database, accessed August 31, 2015 .
    18. ↑ a b NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Tricholoma batschii. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved August 31, 2015 .
    19. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; accessed on August 31, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
    20. ↑ Kuulo Kalamees: Checklist of the species of the genus Tricholoma (Agaricales, Agaricomycetes) in Estonia . In: Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. tape 47 , 2010, p. 27-36 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www-1.ut.ee