Fataluku (language)
Fataluku | ||
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Spoken in |
East Timor , Indonesia | |
speaker | 41,500 | |
Linguistic classification |
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Official status | ||
Other official status in | East Timor ( national language ) | |
Language codes | ||
ISO 639 -1 |
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ISO 639 -2 |
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ISO 639-3 |
Fataluku ( Fatalukunu , Fataluco , Dagaga , Dagoda , Dagada ) is a Papuan language spoken by around 38,000 members of the Fataluku ethnic group in the Lautém municipality in the far east of East Timor . A dialect of Fataluku, Oirata , is spoken in two villages in the south of the small Indonesian island of Kisar , which is northeast of Timor . Fataluku is also spoken on the island of Liran ( Lirang ) north of Timor . The term “Fataluku” is made up of “ fata ” (clear, direct) and “ luku ” (speech). In older, mostly Portuguese sources, the name Dagada is used, but it is not common as a self-name. Possibly it is a foreign name that the Makasae used in Baucau .
Overview
Fataluku is one of the 15 national languages of East Timor recognized in the constitution . 41,500 East Timorese call Fataluku their mother tongue (2015). There are seven dialects. Although the Fataluku speak a Papuan language, culturally they have more similarities than differences to the other, mostly Austronesian- speaking ethnic groups of East Timor. Structure and vocabulary are similar to Makasae and Makalero , but Fataluku speakers cannot understand these languages. The northwest dialect is influenced by Makasae. In contrast to the other Fataluku dialects, this one also knows the voiced consonants b , g and d . Most words end with a vowel. There are numerous loan words from the neighboring Austronesian languages.
The use of the Austronesian loan word malai , which can mean both “foreigner” and “ruler”, is striking . It is precisely in its final meaning that it has found its way into personal names , such as Sians malai or Opo malai , without their bearers having foreign roots.
Oirata , the dialect on the south coast of the island of Kisar, is sometimes viewed as an independent language. The speakers are descendants of Fataluku who came to Kisar as refugees from East Timor in 1721. The northern Fataluku dialect is at least partly understandable to Oirata. This does not seem to apply to other Fataluku dialects.
It is generally assumed that the Melanesians 3000 BC. Immigrated to Timor and from 2500 BC. Were partially ousted by descending Austronesian groups . With the original speakers of the Fataluku it is now suspected that they possibly only reached Timor after the Austronesians from the east and instead displaced or assimilated them. The Bomberai Peninsula of New Guinea is believed to have originated here.
Words and Phrases in Fataluku
The letter c and the letter combination tx are pronounced ch.
Hó, Rau - yes
Upe, Kapare - No.
Lulue - thank you
Tali lulue - Thank you very much
Helupai, Aka natxuni - Welcome
Tolune - please
Ant ivi nere - sorry
Ó lai'i - Hello
Nita tana fale - goodbye
Ihani koice - See you later
Naunop irauni - Good morning
Vacu hici / Meucia irauni - Good afternoon
Mua koun irauni - Good evening
Muna koun irauni - Good night
Uruvacu - God
Veu - turtle
Lohoasupala - Lospalos ( administrative office and city in East Timor)
number | Lospalos | Lautém | Oirata |
1 | ukani | ukani | uani |
2 | ece | ece | egg |
3 | utue | itue | utu |
4th | fate | fate | pata |
5 | ? | lime | limi |
6th | neme | neme | neme |
7th | fetu | fitu | pitu |
8th | ikafa | kafa | kapa |
9 | siwa | sife | siwa |
10 | ta'ane | taane | taa-nauni |
Words of Austronesian origin
tahi - sea
la′a - go
lime - five
ratu - clan , noble
malai - stranger , ruler
literature
- A. Fidalgo Castro, E. Legaspi Bouza (eds.): Léxico Fataluco-Português. Salesianos de Dom Bosco Timor-Leste, Dili 2012, ISBN 978-84-695-4633-8 .
Web links
- Fataluku Language Project (with online dictionary)
- Fataluku community website (with Fataluku word list - English)
- Dictionary Portuguese-Fataluku
- Dictionary Portuguese - Fataluku (for download)
- Aone van Engelenhoven: On derivational processes in Fataluku, a non-Austronesian language in East Timor(PDF; 383 kB) , Leiden University Center for Linguistics
supporting documents
- The Languages of East Timor: Some Basic Facts ( January 19, 2008 memento in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Direcção-Geral de Estatística : Results of the 2015 census , accessed on November 23, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f Andrew McWilliam: Austronesians in linguistic disguise: Fataluku cultural fusion in East Timor ( Memento of the original from November 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 171 kB)
- ↑ Statistical Office of East Timor, results of the 2010 census of the individual sucos ( Memento of January 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Antoinette Schapper, Juliette Huber & Aone van Engelenhoven: The historical relation of the Papuan languages of Timor and Kisar
- ^ Population Settlements in East Timor and Indonesia ( Memento of February 2, 1999 in the Internet Archive ) - University of Coimbra