Makasae

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Makasae

Spoken in

East Timor
speaker 129,627
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Other official status in East TimorEast Timor East Timor ( national language )
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

paa

ISO 639-3

mkz

Makasae ( Macasae, Makasai, Makassai, Makassae, Macassai, Ma'asae ) is a Papuan language or an ethnolinguistic group in East Timor .

Overview

Makasae is the mother tongue of 129,627 people (2015) in the eastern parts of the parishes of Viqueque (32,154) and Baucau (74,045) and in the western parts of the parish of Lautém (14,767); here especially in the places Baucau , Baguia , Laga , Quelicai (municipality Baucau), Ossu (municipality Viqueque), Ililai and Luro (municipality Lautém). There are also over 8,035 Makasae speakers in the state capital. Makasae is one of the most widely spoken languages ​​in the country. It is one of the 15 national languages ​​of East Timor recognized in the constitution .

The traditional culture of the Makasae is described as patriachal . At the center of the community is the holy house, Oma Bese . The basis is the principle “sharing is care, if you don't share, you are not a person” (to anu lafu) . The continuity of life and death depends on the exchange of food and tools between the families who give the bride (oma rahe) and the receiving families (tufu mata) . Buffalos, horses and swords - symbols of the protection of the land - are gifts of the bridegroom; the bride passes rice, pork, Gaba Necklaces and Tais -Substances with Ikat -patterns. The presents are given to the bride and groom's parents.

The Makasae language is related to the neighboring Papuan languages Fataluku and Makalero . In Ethnologue , Makalero is only seen as a dialect of Makasae. It is generally assumed that the Melanesians 3000 BC. Immigrated to Timor and from 2500 BC. Were partially ousted by descending Austronesian groups . The Fataluku are now suspected of reaching Timor after the Austronesians from the east and that they displaced or assimilated them instead. Such a scenario is also speculated among the Makasae.

' Firaku ', the name for the inhabitants of the east of East Timor, is possibly a word from the Makasae: 'fi raku' means 'we comrades'. But there is also the theory that Firaku is derived from the Portuguese vira o cu (turning one's back to someone), which probably refers to the tendency of the East Timorese to rebellion.

Dialects

Numbers in Makasae
number Makasae
1 u
2 lola'e
3 lolitu
4th loloha
5 lima
6th there
7th fitu
8th afo
9 siwa
10 ruru-u

In the municipality of Baucau there are six different variations of Makasae: Baguia, Quelicai, Laga, Baucau Cidade (Baucau City) and Fatumaka. Fatumaka is spoken in the sucos Buibau , Samalari , Uailili and Gariuai . In colonial times, these formed the common kingdom of Fatumaka.

Two different forms of Makasae are spoken in Luro. While in sub-Luro the actual Makasae Language (Naini) speaks in is upper Luro the dialect Sa'ane (Sa'ani) used. Sa'ane is sometimes seen as a separate language. 5,787 people in East Timor name it as their mother tongue.

The dialect in Ossu plays a special role in maintaining its consonant p , which became an f in the other dialects (examples: the word for 'we': 'pi' in Ossu, 'fi' in Baucau; the word for 'stone ':' Apa 'in Ossu,' afa 'in Baucau).

  • The largest language groups in the sucos of East Timors

  • Number of speakers of the different languages ​​in the individual municipalities (as of 2015)

  • Proportion of Makasae native speakers in the sucos of East Timors

  • Proportion of Sa'ane native speakers in the sucos of East Timors

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Direcção-Geral de Estatística : Results of the 2015 census , accessed on November 23, 2016.
  2. ↑ Tais Timor-Leste: Lautém ( Memento of the original from August 31, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on August 31, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / taistimorleste.com
  3. ^ Population Settlements in East Timor and Indonesia ( Memento of February 2, 1999 in the Internet Archive ) - University of Coimbra
  4. ^ Antoinette Schapper: Finding Bunaq: The homeland and expansion of the Bunaq in central Timor. Pp. 163-186, in: Andrew McWilliam, Elizabeth G. Traube: Land and Life in Timor-Leste: Ethnographic Essays. 2011
  5. ↑ Makasae Fatumaka ( Memento from September 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Statistical Office of East Timor, results of the 2010 census of the individual sucos ( Memento of January 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive )