Federico Alberto Tinoco Granados

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Federico Alberto Tinoco Granados. His portrait was banned from the hall of "worthy" ex-presidents in Parliament.

Federico Alberto Tinoco Granados , called Pelico , (born November 21, 1868 in San José (Costa Rica) , † September 7, 1931 in Paris ) was president and military dictator of Costa Rica from January 27, 1917 to August 20, 1919 .

Life

His parents were Guadalupe Granados Bonilla and Federico Tinoco Iglesias. His brother was the future general José Joaquín Tinoco Granados.

He attended the Colegio Jesuita de Cartago elementary school and entered the US Military Academy in Rosslyn, Arlington, Virginia . He later attended a university in Brussels for four years. From 1895 to 1899 he devoted himself to growing coffee and sugar cane on his father's latifundia in Juan Viñas near Cartago . Tinoco married on June 5, 1898 in San José, María Le Fernández Le Cappellain, the daughter of Ada Le Cappellain Agnew and Mauro Fernández Acuña .

Tinoco was a member of the Partido Republicano Nacional . On May 3, 1902 he took part in a failed revolt, which should prevent Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra from taking office on May 8, 1902. Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra decreed an amnesty for the conspirators .

In June 1906, he led with Rudesindo Guardia Solórzano ( Don Chindo , a son of Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez ) and Manuel Castro Quesada, an uprising against Cleto González Víquez , for which he was imprisoned. From 1908 to 1912 he was an MP for San José.

When Alfredo González Flores took office as President on May 8, 1914 , he appointed Federico Alberto Tinoco Granados as Minister of War and the Navy. The incumbent was contrary to the expectations of part of the elite of the country for the presidential designated Service. In the course of the worsening economic situation in Costa Rica as a result of the First World War , Gonzáles Flores decided, among other things, to introduce a progressive income tax , which earned him the hostility of the local oligarchy and foreign finance capital. Tinoco knew how to use this mood to carry out his plans. In doing so, he broke with the longstanding democratic tradition of his country.

Presidency

On January 27, 1917, Tinoco overthrew the legitimate President Alfredo González Flores in a military coup . The ousted president and his ministers had to seek refuge in the US embassy in San José. Tinoco convened a constituent assembly to which the seven surviving former presidents of the republic had to submit a draft and gained a majority, which in turn elected him president on April 1, 1917. The government of the German Empire under Wilhelm II recognized him as President, but the United States under Woodrow Wilson did not. In order to change the US mind, Tinoco declared war on Germany and offered the US Isla del Coco in exchange for recognition. Wilson, however, insisted on his non-recognition of the Tinoco administration while the US State Department proposed, at one point, that it be recognized. Ambassador to San José, Stewart Johnson, openly supported the rebellion against Tinoco, while US entrepreneur Minor C. Keith, Vice President of the United Fruit Company , supported the Tinoco regime by all means. On the side of the putschists was the US Sinclair Oil Company , which had previously felt at a disadvantage compared to its competitor, the English Pearson, who had felt at a disadvantage when it came to granting production rights. On May 6, 1918, however, Tinoco signed an oil prospecting contract with the company John M. Amory & Son called Contrato Aguilar-Ferrer or Contrato Aguilar-Amory .

Tinoco changed a special edition of large-format banknotes ( called towels ) with a face value of one million Costa Rican colons for a quarter of a million USD at the branch of the Royal Bank of Canada , declared his resignation, which was accepted on August 20, 1919 and went up US pressure into exile in France . From September 1919, the Francisco Aguilar Barquero government no longer recognized the large-format banknotes as money.

The British and the Costa Rican governments agreed on William Howard Taft as the arbitration board in Caso Tinoco on January 12, 1922. Taft submitted his report ( Laudo Taft ) in 1923.

The remains of Tinoco had Mario Echandi Jiménez returned from France to Costa Rica and buried on November 7, 1960 at the Cementerio General of San José.

literature

  • Oscar Aguilar Bulgarelli: Federico Tinoco Granados en la historia , San José, Costa Rica (Progreso Ed.) 2008. ISBN 978-9968-75226-8
  • Eduardo Oconitrillo García: Los Tinoco, 1917-1919 , 4th ed. San José, Costa Rica (Editorial Costa Rica) 2007. ISBN 978-9977-23-865-4
  • Clotilde María Obregón: Nuestros gobernantes: Verdades del pasado para comprender el futuro . 2nd Edition. Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, 2002, ISBN 9977-67-701-8 , p. 110 ( limited preview in Google book search).

Web links

Commons : Federico Tinoco Granados  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Leslie Manigat : L'Amérique latine au XXe siècle - 1889–1929 . H146. Éditions du Seuil , Paris 1991, ISBN 978-2-02-012373-0 , pp. 350 ff . (première édition aux Éditions Richelieu 1973).
  2. ↑ Jorge Mario Salazar Mora, Crisis liberal y estado reformista: análisis político-electoral (1914-1949) , Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, 1995, 323 pp., 65
  3. ↑ The New York Times , Jul 7, 1918, Can an Unrecognized Government ; Can an Unrecognized Government Declare War?
  4. ^ Hugo Murillo, Tinoco y los Estados Unidos after Alvaro Quesada Soto, La voz desgarrada: la crisis del discurso oligárquico y la narrativa costarricense, 1917-1919 , Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, 1988 258 SS 73
  5. ↑ untreaty, Convention for the submission to arbitration of certain claims against the Government of Costa Rica
  6. ↑ United States Department of State / Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, 1921 Volume I (1921) Refusal by the American Government to Support the British Government in Demanding Arbitration on the Validity of the Amory Concession-Decision by Costa Rica to Accept Arbitration of the Claims of John M. Amory and Son and the Royal Bank of Canada

References

  1. ^ Es : José Joaquín Tinoco Granados
  2. ^ Es : Partido Republicano Nacional
  3. ^ Es : Manuel Castro Quesada
  4. ↑ en: United States Ambassador to Costa Rica
  5. ↑ es: Minor Keith
  6. ↑ es: Caso Tinoco
predecessor Office successor
Alfredo González Flores Presidents of Costa Rica
January 27, 1917 to August 20, 1919 		Juan Bautista Quirós Segura
personal data
SURNAME Tinoco Granados, Federico Alberto
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pelico
BRIEF DESCRIPTION President of Costa Rica
DATE OF BIRTH November 21, 1868
PLACE OF BIRTH San José (Costa Rica)
DATE OF DEATH September 7, 1931
Place of death Paris