Feigler (family)

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The building history of Pressburg (now Bratislava, Slovakia ) in the 18th and 19th centuries was decisively influenced by three generations of the Feigler family of architects . She played a decisive role in the architectural design of the city of Pressburg in the 19th century.

Franz Feigler

The first notable representative of the family was Franz Feigler. He was born as the son of a stonemason in 1734 in Thebes an der March . As a young man, he moved to Preßburg at the time of Maria Theresa and completed his apprenticeship with the famous Preßburg master builder Franz Römisch . It was the time when the Empress had the Pressburg city walls torn down, which triggered a real building boom. Between 1761 and 1766 he worked as a construction foreman in the renovation of the Pressburg Palace . In February 1784 Franz Feigler married Elisabeth Kitl, the daughter of the mayor of Pressburg. The family settled on the Preßburger Schlossberg and from this marriage came their son Ignaz, who later followed in his father's footsteps as Ignaz Feigler the Elder.

Ignaz Feigler the Elder

Ignaz Feigler the Elder (* April 23, 1791 in Preßburg, Kingdom of Hungary † February 12, 1847 ibid.)

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Grave slab of the Feiglers at the Andreas Cemetery in Pressburg

Ignaz Feigler the Elder Ä. was born in Preßburg in his parents' apartment on Schlossberg. Like his father, he first learned the mason trade . In 1818 he was accepted into the bricklayer guild and at the same time he received citizenship of the city of Pressburg. The certificate of appointment dates from December 15, 1818. He acquired the practice as an architect in Vienna , where he became a student of the well-known Viennese classicist architect Josef Kornhäusel , who gave him appropriate lessons. Ignaz d. Ä. was a good businessman, he knew how to offer interested builders not only the architectural design but also its realization and construction. This procedure also secured him a large number of customers. He invested (later also with his sons) in a business for building materials, he bought up smaller construction companies and was also a partner in stonemasonry workshops. Through this connection he became known not only as an architect, but also as a building contractor not only in the city of Pressburg, but also in its surroundings.

After his studies Ignaz d. Ä. returned to Pressburg and married Katharina Keckeis in 1820 (* July 31, 1799, † November 7, 1868). The marriage produced three sons:

  • Ignaz (the younger)
  • Franz (the younger)
  • Karl

Ignaz Feigler the Elder Ä. died of typhus on February 12, 1847 in Pressburg . He was buried in the Andreas cemetery .

Works (selection)

Ignaz Feigler the Elder Ä. worked as an architect and builder mainly in the city of Pressburg and its surroundings. His first buildings still have baroque elements, but later he built almost exclusively in the classicism style .

Significant buildings:

  • The chapel in the Tiefen Weg (demolished)
  • The hospital church of St. Ladislaus
  • Municipal 'Lazarett' on Donaugasse (demolished)
  • County house on the main county square (today sl. Župné námestie )
  • The 'Kernsche Haus' on the promenade
  • In 1846 he built the tower of St. Martin's Cathedral in the romantic style
  • first station building in the city (1839-1840)
  • he also created a number of town houses on different streets of the city.
    Gravestone of the Feigler family at the Andreas cemetery in Pressburg
  • One of his most important works was the construction of the Karlburg Palace , which he carried out on behalf of Count Emmanuel (Manó) Zichy de Ferraris (* 1808, † 1877). The foundation stone was laid in 1843. This building was the first building in neo-Gothic style in the entire Kingdom of Hungary at that time.

Ignaz Feigler the Younger

Ignaz Feiger the Younger (born November 20, 1820 in Preßburg, Kingdom of Hungary, † November 16, 1894 ibid.)

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Ignaz Feiger the Younger is probably the most important architect of the dynasty. After graduating from high school, he first studied architecture in Germany ( Munich , Berlin ), he completed his studies at the kk Polytechnisches Institut (from which the Technical University emerged ) in Vienna . After graduation, he won a prize from Emperor Franz Joseph , which enabled him to stay in Rome for a year . After completing study trips through Italy and France , he returned to Pressburg to work in his father's company. For three decades he was the most successful architect and builder in Pressburg. In August 1850 he married the daughter of a Pressburg businessman and built a house on the Nonnenbahn, where he lived until his death. His work is characterized by a strictly symmetrical architectural style; he was the most important representative of classicism in Pressburg. In recent years, however, he has also dealt with the Secession . Ignaz Feiger the Elder J. died on November 16, 1894 in Preßburg and was buried in the Andreas cemetery.

Works (selection)

  • Conversion of the inn "To the green tree" (later the Hotel Carlton)
  • The palace of the imperial governor Joseph von Nester (1856)
  • State Hospital ("State Hospital") (1856–1864)
  • Cemetery chapel at the Andreas cemetery (1860)
  • Reconstruction of the main facade of the Capuchin Church of St. Stephen of Hungary (1860)
  • (the former) funeral chapel at the Gaistor cemetery (1868)
  • new station building for the "Westbahn" (1871)
  • Wine merchant Jacob Palugyay's palace (1873)
  • Expansion of the Blumenthaler Church in Preßburg (1885 - 1888)
  • Construction of the municipal theater (1886)
  • Orthodox Israelite Synagogue on Schlossberg (demolished in the 1960s)
  • Factory facilities of the former Alfred Nobel & Co. factory (demolished)
  • in addition, numerous houses in downtown Bratislava come from him. Many of these houses have since been demolished after the Second World War .

Franz Feigler the Elder J.

Franz was the middle son of Ignaz the Elder. Ä. He learned the stonemasonry and worked in his profession. The children Karoline, Pauline and Alexander emerged from the marriage with Karoline Prantner. Alexander Feigler (* 1856, † 1932) was the youngest member of the Feigler dynasty. He studied architecture in Munich and Paris . After his return to Pressburg, he joined the company of his uncle Ignaz Feigler the Elder. J., which he inherited after his death and continued to run independently.

Karl Feigler

Karl Feigler (* 1824 in Preßburg, † 1896 ibid.)

Karl Feiger was the youngest brother of Ignaz the Elder. J. He also studied architecture and worked as a builder. Independently of his brother, with whom he did not get along well, he built rather modest houses in the romantic style in the suburbs of Pressburg.

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Buildings by Ignaz Feigler the Elder Ä.

  • Hospital church of St. Ladislaus

  • Former county house in Pressburg

  • Old horse-drawn railway station (built 1836–1840)

  • Tower of St. Martin's Cathedral (with the Hungarian crown on the spire)

  • Karlburg Palace (construction work)

  • The 'Kernsche House'

  • The Kern house in Pressburg. From Ignaz Feiger the Elder Ä. built for Andreas Kern. The restaurant "Zum Blumenstöckel" was on the ground floor. (Historic photo around 1900)

Buildings by Ignaz Feiger the Elder J.

  • Palais Nester in Bratislava

  • Main facade of the Capuchin Church

  • The former funeral chapel at the Gaistor cemetery

  • City Theater of Pressburg (built in 1886)

  • Former cemetery chapel at the Andreas cemetery

  • The palace of the Pressburg wine merchant Jacob Palugyay

  • Lanfranconi Palais on the Pressburg Coronation Hill Square

  • State Hospital in Pressburg (side facade), built in 1864

literature

  • Andrej Szőnyi: Tak rástla Bratislava. Vývin architektúry a stavebníctva v Bratislave a na Slovensku v rokoch 1848–1918. Bratislava 1967. (Slovak)
  • P. Rainer Rudolf, Eduard Ulreich: Karpatendeutsches Biographisches Lexikon. Working group of the Carpathian Germans from Slovakia, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-927096-00-8 .
  • Jana Pohaničová, Peter Buday: Storočie Feiglerovcov. (“The Century of the Feiglers.”) Bratislava 2016, ISBN 978-80-8170-024-8 . (Slovak)

Remarks

  1. ↑ to be understood here as a "home for the elderly, the sick and those in need"
  2. ↑ Next to the Trinitarian Church was the monastery of the Holy Trinity, but this was partially demolished in 1844 and converted into the county house of the Bratislava county .
  3. ↑ Already in the 13th century there was a house on this site which, next to the 'Fischer Tor ' at that time , formed part of the city fortifications. In the 18th century, when Maria Theresa had the city fortifications demolished, this building also fell victim to the pickaxe. In 1845, the Pressburg innkeeper Andreas Kern had the architect Ignaz Feiger the Elder. Ä. build a four-storey house in the Empire style , in which he set up his guest house "Zum Blumenstackel".
  4. ↑ This was the station building of the Preßburg- Tyrnau First Hungarian Railway Company, founded in 1838 . The railway building, later referred to as "Filialbahnhof", was the first railway building for the "horse-drawn railway" (the wagons were pulled by horses) which began operations on September 24, 1840. (quoted by Anton Klipp: Preßburg - New Views on an Old City. Karlsruhe 2010, ISBN 978-3-927020-15-3 , p. 100)
  5. ↑ The embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in Slovakia is now located in the former Nester Palace . The reliefs under the windows of the palace depict the Twelve Months, a work by the Pressburg sculptor Anton Brandl (* 1817, † 1893). In front of the palace is the monument to the composer Johann Nepomuk Hummel , a work by the sculptor Viktor Tilgner .
  6. ↑ The foundation stone was laid on May 13, 1859 and the little church was consecrated on September 14, 1860 by the Archbishop of Gran János Cardinal Scitovszky de Nagykér .
  7. ↑ For the train connection Vienna - Pressburg - Budapest, the so-called Westbahn (in the steam locomotive era) the construction of a new, extended station was absolutely necessary. The so-called Western Railway developed into the most important railway line in what was then the Kingdom of Hungary (quoted in Anton Klipp: Preßburg - New Views on an Old City. Karlsruhe 2010, p. 85)
  8. ↑ The company "Dynamit AG vorm. Alfred Nobel & Co" was founded in 1875 by the Hamburg parent company and from 1886 it was administered from Vienna. The company continued to produce until 1945 but then stopped production. (quoted from Anton Klipp: Preßburg - New Views on an Old City. Karlsruhe 2010, p. 95f)