Fine-leaved vetch

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fine-leaved vetch
Fine-leaved vetch (Vicia tenuifolia subsp.tenuifolia)

Fine-leaved vetch ( Vicia tenuifolia subsp. Tenuifolia )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : Sweet peas ( Vicia )
Type : Fine-leaved vetch
Scientific name
Vicia tenuifolia
Roth

The fine-leaved vetch or fine- leaf vetch ( Vicia tenuifolia ), also called narrow-leaved vetch , is a plant species in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae).

description

Stem with stipules
Foliage leaf with pinna
Herbarium evidence of Vicia tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia
blossom
Vicia tenuifolia occurs in the Pannonian Flore province to frequently

Vegetative characteristics

The fine-leaved vetch grows as a perennial herbaceous plant . The slender stem is about 60 to 150 cm high and, like the leaves, has short hairs, but can also be more or less bald.

The alternate leaves are pinnate in pairs with mostly 9 to 14 pairs of leaflets. The leaflets are 1 to 2.5 cm long and 2 to 4 mm wide, narrow-lanceolate to linear. They are more or less pointed and almost parallel-veined. The stipules are small and narrow.

Inflorescences, flowers, fruits and seeds

The flowering period extends from June to August. The inflorescences are 1.5 times to twice as long as the bract with stalk and usually contain 10 to 25 flowers. The slightly fragrant flowers are hermaphroditic, zygomorphic and 12 to 15 mm long. The lower calyx teeth are triangular-lanceolate in shape. The mostly vivid purple, purple-purple to lilac-colored crown has the typical shape of the butterflies . The flag is much longer than the wings and the edge of the flag is deeper than 1 mm. The plate up to twice as long as the nail (plate / nail width ratio> 1.1, length ratio> 1.25).

The stalks of the fruit are only about as long as the calyx tube. The legumes are about 2 to 3 cm long and 6 mm wide. The seeds are larger and usually darker brown than those of Vicia cracca .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

ecology

Runners enable vegetative reproduction . The species is deep-rooted.

The pollination is done by bees , especially the genus Osmia . In the fine-leaved vetch self-propagation occurs.

Occurrence

The fine-leaved vetch occurs in the entire Mediterranean area, north to France , south Germany , south Scandinavia , east to Russia and Siberia . It occurs frequently to very scattered in Central Europe.

In Austria, the fine-leaved vetch occurs frequently in the Pannonian area , otherwise scattered or rarely in the colline to submontane altitude range and is considered endangered in the alpine area and in the northern foreland of the Alps. In Austria there are deposits in the federal states of Burgenland , Vienna , Lower Austria , Upper Austria , Styria , Carinthia , Salzburg and Tyrol .

The fine-leaved vetch is not native in Germany, but can be considered naturalized. ( Archaeophyte ). The first literary evidence for the area of ​​Baden-Württemberg can be found in Georg von Martens (1823). Vicia tenuifolia grows very scattered in the central and southern part of Germany.

In Switzerland, the fine-leaved vetch can be found widely scattered.

The fine-leaved vetch grows in dry, poor and fat meadows, on arable land, in hedges and sparse forests. It thrives on warm, dry, somewhat nutrient-rich, usually calcareous, morhr or less mild, humus, stony or pure loess and clay soils. It is a character species of the Campanulo-Vicietum tenuifoliae from the Geranion sanguinei association.

Possibility of confusion

The fine-leaved vetch cannot always be distinguished with certainty from the closely related bird vetch ( Vicia cracca ). There are also intermediary forms .

Systematics

Vicia tenuifolia was first published by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth . Synonyms for Vicia tenuifolia Roth are: Vicia elegans Guss. , Vicia variabilis Freyn .

Vicia tenuifolia belongs to the Cracca section from the subgenus Vicilla of the genus Vicia in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae).

There are several subspecies (selection):

  • Dalmatian vetch or Dalmatian vetch ( Vicia tenuifolia subsp. Dalmatica (A.Kern.) Greuter , Syn . : Vicia dalmatica A.Kern. )
  • Fine leaved changing (in the strict sense), thin-leaf vetch, vetch Narrow ( Vicia tenuifolia Roth subsp. Tenuifolia , Syn .: Vicia brachytropis Kar. & Kir. , Vicia cracca subsp. Tenuifolia (Roth) Bonnier & Layens )
    • Vicia tenuifolia subsp. villosa (Batt.) Greuter (Syn .: Vicia tenuifolia f. villosa Batt. )

literature

  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Gustav Hegi, H. Gams, H. Marzell: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume IV. Part 3: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (5) (Leguminosae - Tropaeolaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-70020-1 (unchanged reprint from 1923-1924 with addendum).
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 2nd expanded edition. tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3323-7 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Fine-leaved vetch. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 611.
  3. ↑ a b Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 3: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  4. ↑ a b Vicia tenuifolia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Web links

Commons : Feinblättrige Vicke ( Vicia tenuifolia )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files