TV service
The television service is a specially prepared service that is recorded by microphones and television cameras in order to be broadcast at a later time. However, television services are now being produced far more frequently for simultaneous direct transmission. Places for this are special churches, but also striking places, such as the square in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. This also includes broadcasts of services from the Catholic Day and from Kirchentag stadiums. Live streams and video recordings of church services are becoming increasingly popular on the Internet.
history
TV worship services go back to radio broadcasts of church services. The BBC already had a lot of experience with these a few years after broadcasting began in 1923. The BBC Hand Book from 1929 devotes a separate chapter to “Broadcasts from Cathedrals” (transmissions from large churches), where, among other things, the miking is described:
- “The listeners to the broadcasts from Canterbury Cathedral have probably hardly noticed the many difficulties we have had with poor resonance reverberation since the first broadcast. Today the balance between organ and choir is practically perfect, but there has been a lot of experimentation behind it. There are usually four microphones in use. There is only permanent cabling to the pulpit; the others are based on the current circumstances. "
The first television broadcasts of church services took place in 1948. Evangelical television services have existed in Germany since December 4, 1952 ( Hamburg ), and Roman Catholic services since March 25, 1953 ( Cologne ). The first broadcast of a service in Austria took place in 1959 (from Salzburg ). From the so-called " Luther Year " 1983, television services were also tolerated and possible in the GDR if broadcasters from the West paid for the broadcast.
Catholic concerns
Well-known theologians formulated strong concerns about the television service in the initial phase. Romano Guardini , Karl Rahner and Hermann Volk found that
- full and personal attendance at the service (“participatio”) on the television set is not possible;
- the secrecy of the service is violated;
- the sacred dignity of the cult act is secularized ("profanation of worship").
Because of these concerns, the Catholic dioceses of the German-speaking area developed “guidelines for the media transmission of worship celebrations” in 1989. According to the ZDF, the church has carried out "training courses for directors and cameramen in order to reveal the importance of church rooms in different styles" and to enable and optimize the audience's "intentional participation" in the worship service.
Evangelical concerns
Similar concerns have been voiced in the Protestant sector. In addition, however, the objection was very strong that the word happening of the service is disturbed by the transmission of moving images. It was reminded of the apostle Paul who wrote in Romans : "Faith comes from hearing!" ( Rom 10,17 EU ). In Protestantism, for example, the medium that enables “remote viewing” had a subordinate theological significance compared to hearing.
Cross-denominational views on the use of new media
In general, liturgical events are the central event of a church community. Church services create community and personal encounters not only with God but also with fellow believers. The proximity to the local community is therefore particularly important. TV services cannot therefore be a substitute for regular church attendance. Holidaymakers and travelers are therefore usually advised, if possible, to attend a local church service. TV services are accepted wherever old or sick people can no longer visit a church personally or in countries where members of minorities do not have a local congregation of their own denomination. For many churches, especially in the free church area, it is also important that people who are distant from the church have a low-threshold opportunity to find new contact with the church via television.
Current practice
ARD
The ARD transfers worship only at special holidays or (Catholic) solemnities as Easter , Ascension , Pentecost and Christmas , often with Episcopal celebrant of cathedrals. Individual ARD channels broadcast important regional services on their own responsibility (anniversaries, introductions by leading clergymen, etc.)
Bibel TV
About Bibel TV is a week of Protestant Studio service since October 2009, three times the hours of the Most High from the chapel of the Ziegler Anstalten broadcast to "broadcast times that do not conflict with the usual church services the parish." Designed to be the worship beside Pastor Heiko Bräuning each Sometimes by a well-known artist from the church and a talk guest.
ERF Fernsehen
The Evangeliums-Rundfunk initially stopped its television services with the abandonment of its own television channel. Since September 2016, they have been offered again in the broadcaster's own media library as an alternative to the live broadcast on the radio. Since March 2009 it has been broadcast with a time delay on Sundays and church holidays in the television program after the live broadcast on the radio program. The programs are usually recorded in parishes of Protestant free churches or regional churches that are close to the Evangelical Alliance .
Hope TV
The media work of the seven-day adventists Hope Channel TV broadcasts recordings of church services several times a week from different congregations of their own congregation group. Most worship programs are on Saturdays (the holy day of the week in these churches is the Sabbath ). There are also other liturgical programs, such as worship and prayer events.
Hour of Power
Every Sunday the “ Hour of Power ” service is broadcast by the Reformed Church in Garden Grove, California . Sent to California's Megachurch Crystal Cathedral from February 2008 to July 2013 . After the parish went bankrupt and the Crystal Cathedral was sold, the service has been recorded since July 2013 from the newly occupied Sheperd's Grove Church , 1,500 m away . According to the company's own statements, this television service reaches 10-30 million viewers worldwide, making it the largest regularly broadcast service. The service was also broadcast dubbed in German via the channels Tele 5 and Bibel TV , and earlier also via Das Vierte and Rheinmaintv . The English-language original version can also be received via satellite at the TBN in Europe. Clips from the church services are also available on a German-language YouTube channel.
K-TV
About K-TV several times weekly Holy Mass live from the studio chapel in Dornbirn (Austria) or from the Vatican transmitted. There are also extraordinary broadcasts of services on special occasions. There are also Angelus prayer, rosary devotions and other liturgical celebrations, such as worship and prayer events.
ORF
About 16 times a year, ORF broadcasts mostly live broadcasts of Catholic and Protestant church services on Sundays or public holidays.
Swiss television
In the SF 1 program , under the supervision of the Sternstunde Religion editorial team, services are broadcast at irregular intervals (around once or twice a month) and often on specific occasions. They are mainly designed by the Catholic and Evangelical Reformed Church .
ZDF
The ZDF has been broadcasting a church service every Sunday since 1986 , alternating Protestant and Catholic. It is usually broadcast in Austria and Switzerland . Since May 18, 2008, Orthodox and Evangelical Free Church communities have also been taken into account in the program planning. The services can then be accessed in the ZDF media library.
Live streams and on-demand offers from individual parishes and portals on the Internet
Thanks to offers of inexpensive video technology and the advent of video and streaming platforms , it has also become possible for individual parishes to stream church services live and / or make them available as video on demand. The evangelical diaspora community Judenburg played a pioneering role here , offering almost all of its fortnightly church services as a live stream and later as video on demand via vimeo .
There are also internet portals that provide church content and also take church services into account. After the broadcast, television services are not only available in the broadcasters' media libraries, but also partly on YouTube. For example, about once a month the Evangelical Media House of the Evangelical Regional Church in Württemberg realizes a service in the area of the regional church live or as a real-time recording on its website kirchenfernsehen.de . The services are then available on YouTube.
See also
literature
- Wilm Sanders , Divine service broadcasts on television , in: Handbuch der Liturgik, Leipzig 1995, pp. 808–915, ISBN 3-525-57191-7
- Hans Erich Thomé, free service? TV broadcasts of church services , Göttingen 1991, ISBN 3-525-60374-6
Individual evidence
- ^ Broadcasts from Cathedrals . BBC Hand Book 1929, p. 215. (translated from English)
- ↑ Rudolf Augstein (ed.): Divine service: Nur das Kreuz . No. 52 . DER SPIEGEL, 1952, p. 25 .
- ↑ Klaus Schmidt and Ingo Witt (ZDF): Service for the soul - church services on ZDF
- ↑ Information about the general conditions: The Divine Service (accessed on February 28, 2010)
- ↑ http://hourofpower.de/ German-language homepage of Hour of Power, accessed on December 25, 2014
- ↑ Program booklet of the station (e.g. February 2010, p. 8/9)
- ↑ Quoted verbatim from the ORF website ( Memento of the original from July 1, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ SF editorial team Sternstunde Religion: Die Gottesdienste 2010 ( Memento from April 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 24, 2010)
- ↑ Report on the service from a Pentecostal church in the Christian media magazine Pro ( Memento from May 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) from May 8, 2008
- ↑ http://www.evang-judenburg.eu/ Kirchengemeinde Judenburg , accessed on December 25, 2014
- ↑ Kirchenfernsehen.de: Gloria ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 28, 2015.
Web links
- Behind the scenes of a television service - video, kath.ch (on YouTube)